High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)Technologies:

Using MiHpt for Rapid In-Situ Contaminant and Hydrostratigraphic Characterization

Sacramento, CaliforniaLos Angeles, California

Eric W. Garcia, PG, CEG, CHGPresident/Principal Hydrogeologist

ASC Tech ServicesHigh-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) Technologies

Experience

• >25 Years of Environmental Consulting Experience.

• Services Performed by Trained and Experienced Geologists.

Technical Services

• We Support Consultants and Drilling Companies.

• Provide HRSC Services when/where you need them, Globally.

Kinder-Morgan Compressor Station, Duchesne, UtahVista GeoScience / USA Environmental

MiHpt – Arvada, ColoradoVista GeoScience / CGRS

US Army Garrison – KwajaleinKwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands

HDR

Salinas Rebar, Livermore, CaliforniaCalifornia Push Technologies / Montclair Environmental Management

Former Vapors Cleaners, Monterey, CaliforniaECA Drilling / Trinity Source Group

ASC Technical Service Offerings

• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

• Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)

• Ultra-Violet Optical Screening Tool (UVOST®)

• Cone Penetration Testing (CPT)

• In-Situ Geothermal (GTP) & Pressure Monitoring

• Pneumatic Slug Testing (PST)

• 3-Dimensional (3D) Modeling & GIS Integration

• New Technology Evaluation

Optical Image Profiler (OIP)

NEW Technology!

UVIF Technology for Hi-ResolutionReal-Time Fuel Hydrocarbon Detection

Purpose:• UV induced fluorescence of non

aqueous phase fuel hydrocarbons in soil.

Method:• High intensity UV light directed at the

soil causes hydrocarbons present in the soil to fluoresce.

• An Image of the soil is captured.• Analyzed for fluorescence.

Visible light images of the soil may also be obtained.

Light Source

Camera

EC Dipole

OpticalWindow

OIP Description

OIP Technology Overview

Typical OIP image of hydrocarbonfluorescence using the UV light source.

OIP Image9.5 mm

7 mm

Cross Section of Logs at crude oil spill site.

Fluorescence Elec. Cond.

10

Fluorescence Image of Fuel Globules in Soil

OIP Visible Images

Visible Image, Sand Matrix.

• Conceptual Site Models (CSM)

• What is HRSC?

• HRSC Technology Overview – MiHpt

• Typical Applications – Example Projects

High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)Presentation Overview

How Well Do You Know Your Site?

CSM Review

CSM Review

• How Old is Your Data?

• What is the Quality of Your Data?

• What is the Spatial Density of Your Data?

HRSC

The CSM Takeaway

A “Good” CSM is:• Current

• Scale Appropriate

• Addresses the Controlling Site Heterogeneities

• Meet the needs of the Investigative Goal

High-Resolution Site Characterization(HRSC)

What is High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)?

“High-resolution site characterization (HRSC) strategies and

techniques use scale-appropriate measurement and sample

density to define contaminant distributions, and the physical

context in which they reside, with greater certainty, supporting

faster and more effective site cleanup. “

(US EPA, 2014)

• Enhanced Site Details (Scale Appropriate)

• Reduce Uncertainty

• Applicability to all Sites

• Best Management Practice (BMP)

• (Data Density)

More Data ≠ Better Data

High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)

• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) – VOC Contaminant Delineation

• Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) – Hydro-Stratigraphic Characterization

• UVIF (OIP/LIF/UVOST®/TarGOST/ROST, FFD) – Petroleum Delineation

• Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) – Soil Classification

• Pneumatic Slug Testing (PST) – Aquifer Characteristics

• Other Technologies, i.e. SNAP sampler, Hydro-Punch, …

High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)Technologies/Methodologies

Effectiveness

• Better Quality of Analytical Data (Selection)

• Better Definition of Analytical Data (Data Density)

• Reduction in The Number of Iterative Events

• Analytical Cost Reduction (Sample Reduction)

• No IDW’s

SA N JO SE AV E N U E

ALM

AD

E N EXPR

ES SW

AY

A’

A

EXAMPLE FORMER UST SITE

A’A

Historical Sampling Methodology

14 to 21 Samples Required

A’A

HRSC Sampling Methodology

Minimum of 7 Samples Required

Proving The HRSC Model

How Many Samples Are Required to

Prove The Model?

Simple Model - 7

Simple Plume ModelTriaxle Ellipsoid

MiHpt Technology Overview

MiHpt Technology Overview

Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)

Membrane Interface Probe

(MIP)Combined

MIP/HPT (MiHpt)

Combined MIP/HPT (MiHpt) Key Features

• Fast, Continuous, Real-time Profiling– Hydrocarbon Detection & Delineation in Real Time– Effective Screening Tool (Semi-Quantitative)

– Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)

– Formation Hydraulic Properties

• High Resolution – 0.05 ft (1.5 cm) Sampling Interval

• Digital Output – Delimited ASCII Text

Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)

Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)

Primary Data Collected• Electrical Conductivity (EC)

• HPT Pressure

• HPT Flow Rate

Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)

Soil EC (Fresh Water)

Low EC = Coarse-Grained SoilHigh EC = Fine-Grained Soils

Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)

HPT Principals of Operation

Electrical Conductivity (EC) “fresh water formations”• Increase EC = Increasing Fine Content• Decrease EC = Coarser Grained

HPT Pressure (all formations)• Increasing P = Decreasing Permeability• Decreasing P = Increasing Permeability

Exceptions to the Rules

HPT Principals of Operation

Relationships BetweenEC, Pressure, & Flow

Coarse-Grained Soils• Low EC• High Flow• Low Back Pressure

Fine-Grained Soils• High EC• Low Flow• High Back Pressure

HPT Principals of Operation

HPT Log Interpretation

• Target Lithology/Zone ID

• Migratory Pathway

• Well Screen Location

Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity (K)with HPT Log Data

Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity (K)

Empirical ModelK = f(Q/PF)

*Model Limits ~0.1 to 75 ft/day

HPT Data needs to be corrected for:• Atmospheric Pressure• Column Height

PHPT = PATM + PH + PF

Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity (K)Correcting for Hydrostatic Pressure

Hydrostatic Pressure

2.31 ft = 1 psi0.433 psi/ft

Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

MIP Principals of Operation

Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

Electron Capture Device (ECD)• Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

– (TCE, PCE, Chloroform, Carbon Tet)

Halogen-Specific Detector (XSD)• Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

– (TCE, PCE, Chloroform, Carbon Tet, Vinyl

Chloride, cis-1,2-DCE, Methylene Chloride)

Flame Ionization Detector (FID)• Straight-chained hydrocarbons

(methane, butane).

Photo-Ionization Detector (PID)• Hydrocarbons (BTEX compounds)

MIP Detectors & Typical Detection Limits(mg/L, ppm)*

PID FID ECD XSD

Benzene 0.5 5 --- ---

Toluene 0.5 5 --- ---

PCE 2.5 25 0.25 0.25

TCE 2.5 25 0.25 0.25

* NEW Low-Level MIP (LL-MIP) ~10 Fold Increase in Sensitivity

Peak = 4,581,000 µV

LL-MIP Principals of Operation

Standard MIP vs LL-MIP

Modified from Geoprobe 2016

Standard MIP vs LL-MIP

Modified from Geoprobe 2016

Combined MIP/HPT (MiHpt) Applications

• Source Area/Contaminant Plume Delineation

• Analytical Sampling Determination

• Migratory Pathway Delineation

• High-Resolution Hydrostratigraphic Modeling

• Piezometric Head – Confined & Unconfined Conditions

• Remedial Action QA/QC

A’A

Remedial Injection QA/QC

Remedial Injection QA/QC

TYPICAL APPLICATIONSEXAMPLE PROJECTS

US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA)Marshall Islands

US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA)

US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA)

Former Vapors Cleaners - Monterey, CaliforniaThe Probing Times, Spring 2015

City of MontereyWindow on The Bay

Lake El Estero

Former Vapors CleanersMonterey, California

Resources

ResourcesAccelerated Site Characterization [ASTM E1912-98 (2004)]“Standard Guide for Accelerated Site Characterization for Confirmed or Suspected Petroleum

Releases”

Expedited Site Characterization (ASTM D6235-04)“Standard Practice for Expedited Site Characterization of Vadose Zone and Ground Water

Contamination at Hazardous Waste Contaminated Sites”

US EPA TRIAD - http://www.triadcentral.org/

Geoprobe Direct Imaging - http://www.geoprobe.com

US EPA ESA - Expedited Site Assessment Tools for Underground Storage Tank Sites: A Guide for Regulators, EPA-510-B-97-001, 1997

ResourcesUS EPA HRSC - https://clu-in.org/characterization/technologies/hrsc/

US EPA Clu-In - https://clu-in.org/characterization/

ASTM ESC - http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6235.htm

ASTM ASC - http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1912.htm

Brownfields & LRTSC - https://brownfieldstsc.org/roadmap/contByInvTech.cfm

Technical Field Support ServicesHigh-Resolution Site Characterization Technologies

Key ASC StrategiesProvide the tools you need when/where you need it.

We are not limited to a particular Drilling Company.

Anywhere you need us.

Thank You!Questions?

Eric W. Garcia, PG, CEG, CHG

President/Principal Hydrogeologist

11275 Sunrise Gold Circle, Suite RRancho Cordova, California

(925) 756-1210 Officeericgarcia@ASC-Technologies.com