From Digital Earth to the Internet of Places for Management of Risks and Emergencies

GEO LaboratoryComo Campus

From Digital Earth to the Internet of Places

for management of risks and emergencies

Politecnico di Milano, DICA – GEO Laboratory at Como Campus

Maria Antonia Brovelli, Marco Minghini, Monia Molinari, Carolina Arias Munoz, Marco Negretti, Giorgio Zamboni,

2Overview

✔ Cartography and Geoinformatics today

✔ Digital Earth

✔ Internet of Places

✔ Geospatial Web

✔ Geospatial Web 2.0

✔ Examples reusedable in case of risks and

emergencies management

GEO Laboratory, Politecnico di Milano – Como Campus

3The Digital Earth/ 1

The vision of Digital Earth (DE) was proposed by Al Gore in 1998 as a multi-dimensional and multi-resolution model of the planet to contextualize the huge amount of geo-referenced information relating to the physic and social-economic environment.

Every day we create 1018 bytes of data and the 80% are geo-referenced or geo-referenceable data. It is an amazing amount of data that corresponds every day to a stack of DVDs covering the earth-moon distance. Fixed and mobile in-situ sensors (on satellite, aircraft, UAVs, ...), digital documents, social media contribute to create the Big Data in real time, we need to extract the useful piece of information from in real time to meet today's challenges. The issue was the acquisition of the data in the past. Now it is the smart management to extract useful information. Gore, A., 1998 The Digital Earth: underdstanding our planet in the 21st century,

http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=6210


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• The Digital Earth is a set of distributed, multi-thematic, multi-resolution and multi-perspective archives of geo-referenced knowledge that allows to navigate not only through space but also through time,

thanks to the access to historical data as well as to the future predictions based on the environmental and/or social-economic models;

responds to the needs of different stakeholders: Scientists, Decision Makers, Communities, Citizens, Children ...

• The Digital Earth is based on the open access and participation (Geoweb2.0, Science2.0, ...) through multi-platforms.

• According to this paradigm, it will be possible - through both current devices (computer, tablet, smartphone) and new devices (not invented yet) – to access data, information, services, models, scenarios and forecasts: from simple applications to complex analysis related to the environmental and socio-economic issues.


The Digital Earth/ 2

5The Internet of Places

Objects (or things) will be connected and communicate through the network (we expect to have 26 billion devices connected within 2020) and, according to their location and time, they will react in different ways. The space-time field will model the Internet of Places, together with the Internet of People, the Internet of Information and the Internet of Things.


6The Internet of Everything

… The Internet of Things is becoming the Internet of Everything. Although much of the hype has been around things becoming part of

the Internet, the additive power of the Internet comes into play when things, people, places and systems work together. …

This describes a concept Gartner calls the "Internet of Everything." The Internet of Things is just one piece of this concept — alongside

the Internet of People (such as social networks or IM presence), the Internet of Places (such as Foursquare or any location that can broadcast information about itself), and the Internet of Information (for example, the World Wide Web, or systems that can share information through APIs or Web services)..

Kristian Steenstrup (Vice President and Gartner Fellow in Gartner's Office of the CIO Research team)


7Geospatial Web

data


8Geospatial Web

users

data


9Geospatial Web

users

data

catalogues


10Geospatial Web

users

data

processing

catalogues


11Geospatial Web

INTERNET

catalogues

users

data

processing


12Spatial GeoData Infrastructure

Publish

Discover

UseStorage Access Data

Interoperability!!


13 Our experience

SERVER CLIENT

WMS

DATA STORAGE

DATA WEB PUBLICATION

DATA WEB VISUALIZATION

DATA MOBILE VISUALIZATION

SOS

WFS

WPS

WCS

ZOO Knowledge partner


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✔ Evolution of the 1990s GeoWeb 1.0✔ Interactive tools allowing user participation in spatial data management✔ OGC standards for geospatial interoperability✔ GPS, AJAX and mapping Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) ✔ Neogeography (Turner 2006)

GeoWeb 2.0

➔ creation of maps through mash-ups of multiple data sources

➔ the act of a mass of users to share a job through an open call

➔ the idea of humans acting as sensors able to acquire spatial contents

➔ users can easily perform real-time collection of georeferenced data✔ Diffusion of mobile devices equipped with sensors (GPS, camera, etc.)

✔ Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) (Goodchild 2007)

✔ Crowdsourcing (Howe 2006)


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✔ Set of practices in which citizens participate in data collection, analysis and dissemination of a scientific project (Cohn 2008)

✔ Active or passive

✔ Explicit or implicit

✔ Classification (Haklay 2013)

Citizen science – Our experience

➔ 'classic' citizen science: amateurs engaged in traditional scientific activities

➔ community science: measurements and analysis carried out by amateurs in order to set action plans to deal with environmental problems

➔ citizen cyberscience: use of computers, GPS receivers and mobile phones

✗ volunteered computing: citizens download data, run analyses on their own

computers and send back data to the server

✗ volunteered thinking: citizens perform classification works

✗ participatory sensing: applications centered on mobile phones capabilities


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➔ field-data collection from mobile devices

➔ data access and interaction based on user privileges

➔ data Web publication and sharing

➔ data access through multi-dimensional (2D and 3D) Web interfaces

➔ data participative enrichment

✔ To build an architecture for participatory sensing applications enabling:

Our experience

✔ To use FOSS (Free and Open Source Software)

➔ Involvement in OSGeo (Open Source For Geospatial)➔ Involvement in GeoForAll

ICA-OSGeo-ISPRS initiative http://www.geoforall.org/89 Labs as of 20 September 2014


http://www.geoforall.org/

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✔ To be involved in WG IV/5 of ISPRS Web and Cloud Based Geospatial Services and Applications

Our experience

✔ To be involved in two COST Actions

➔ Information and Communication Technologies COST Action TD1202 Mapping

and the Citizen Sensor ➔ Information and Communication Technologies COST Action IC1203 European

Network Exploring Research into Geospatial Information Crowdsourcing: software and methodologies for harnessing geographic information from the crowd (ENERGIC)

✔ To be proudly involved in the development of the NASA Worldwind Virtual Globe

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Participatory sensing FOSS architecture


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Report of potholes

➔ classification of the type of damage and its severity degree

➔ open to everyone, advertised through local media (TV and newspapers)

✔ Report of road pavement damages, winter 2012-13 (Brovelli et al. 2014a)


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Report of potholes


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Report of potholes


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Report of architectural barriers

➔ obstacles for physically impaired people (stairs, ramps, pathways)

➔ verification of the compliance with the current Italian legislation

➔ performed by students within a collaboration action with a local high school

✔ Report of architectural barriers, fall 2013


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Report of architectural barriers


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Mapping street furniture

➔ benches, litter bins, waste bells, fountains

➔ performed by students within a collaboration action with a local high school

✔ Report of street furniture elements, spring 2014


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AdbPo report of water-related elements

➔ VGI campaign managed by AdbPo (Autorità di Bacino del fiume Po – Po river basin Authority) to enlarge consciousness of its territory through collection and valorisation of user local knowledge and experience

✔ Report of water-related elements, ongoing (Brovelli et al. 2014b)


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Mapping elements along cultural paths

➔ user report of points of interest related to history, culture, tourism and other services along the paths connected to the ancient Via Regina

➔ one-day events (jointly organized with a cultural association of hikers) which target local communities and are advertised ad hoc

✔ Map parties within INTERREG project “The paths of Via Regina”, ongoing


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Mapping elements along cultural paths


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PoliCrowd – A social World Wind platform

➔ Born for tourism, culture, sports & transportation Points Of Interest (POIs)

➔ POIs 3D visualization on NASA World Wind virtual globe

➔ participative functionalities: POIs collaborative enrichment & project creation

✔ Web-based 3D participatory platform, ongoing (Brovelli et al. 2013)


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PoliCrowd2.0 – A social World Wind platform

➔ non mono-thematic application – connection to any WMS and ODK server

➔ customizable data styling & multimedia support

➔ support for time dimension (4D visualization)



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PoliCrowd and Policrowd2.0

➔ partially developed by PoliMi students (Giorgio Zamboni tutor)➔ winner of the 1st and the 2nd NASA World Wind Europa Challenge


http://geomobile.como.polimi.it/policrowd2.0 GEO Laboratory, Politecnico di Milano – Como Campus

http://geomobile.como.polimi.it/policrowd2.0

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Contacts

Thanks for your attention!

Politecnico di Milano

Laboratorio di Geomatica – Polo Territoriale di ComoVia Valleggio 11, 22100 Como (Italy)

[email protected]

Maria Antonia Brovelli


32Announcement

✔ FOSS4G Eu 2015 (Free and Open Source For Geospatial Europe 2015) will be held in Como – Politecnico di Milano:

– 14 July 2015: Workshops

– 15-16-17 July 2015: Conference

– 16 July 2015 – evening: Mapping Party organized with ICA in the frame of the International Map Year http://internationalmapyear.org/

– 18 July 2015: Sprint Code


http://internationalmapyear.org/

Environment

From Digital Earth to the Internet of Places for Management of Risks and Emergencies