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European Union
and
Environment
Bruno Rakedjian Seconded national expert in the European
Commission, water expert
DG ENV
Flood
Drought
Fresh water
Sea water
Drinking water
Bathing water
Sanitation
Waste
Air quality
Industrial emissions
Chemicals
Biodiversity
Noise
Climate
Energy
Fishing
Agriculture
…
Environmental policies European
Main objective
Article 3 of the Treaty on European Union
High level of protection and
improvement of the quality
of environment
Environmental policies European
A powerful approach
Common policy for 28 Member
States but also for neighbouring
countries
Environmental policies European
A personal motto
Analyse the past
to understand the present
and
prepare the future
Environmental policies European
Evolution in air quality in Europe ?
or
or
Evolution in water quality in Europe ?
Environmental policies European
Air quality
Air quality EU benefits
CITEPA inventory France
Air quality EU benefits
EU-28 emission trends for the main air pollutants
Air quality EU benefits
Molenbek PM 10 Brussels PM2.5
Pollution alert in Paris SO2 concentration in Paris
Air quality EU benefits
Water quality
Water quality EU benefits
Bathing water
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/inland-bathing-water-quality-in-2#tab-chart_1
Water quality EU benefits
http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/interactive/bathing/state-of-bathing-waters
Bathinhg water Citizen information
Water quality EU benefits
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/explore-interactive-maps/wise-soe-bod-in-rivers
Biological Oxygen Demand in rivers EEA website
1993
2012
Water quality EU benefits
http://www.cipel.org/le-leman/tableau-bord/
Geneva Lake Phosphorus
Water quality EU benefits
2015 Brésil
http://www.lesoir.be/853229/article/demain-
terre/environnement/2015-04-17/poissons-morts-
et-odeur-fetide-sur-un-site-olympique-rio
1994 PARIS BOUGIVAL
http://www.driee.ile-de-
france.developpement-
durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Evenemen
ts-2003-2013_cle7c83d4.pdf
The Seine estuary
Oxygen concentration
Water quality EU benefits
Water quality EU benefits
Microbiological pollution in the Seine River
Fish species monitored in the Seine river
Water quality EU benefits
Positive impact
Mainly due to decrease in urban waste water
emissions
About 22 billion euros investment spent each year
in urban waste water policy about 48 euros per
citizen per year
At European level the waste water policy in good
and service about 600 000 jobs
More and more renewal of collecting systems and
treatment plants
Water quality EU benefits
The result of action plans, use of indicators and
Information systems
Water quality EU benefits
French national urban waste water portal:
http://assainissement.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/
Userfriendy access to data
After 5 years, 500 visitors per day. Use still increasing.
Remaining
environmental
challenges
Environmental
challenges Remaining
Help countries all around
the world to improve their
air and water quality
Environmental
challenges Remaining
Challenge Air quality
NO2,
Ozone, Micro
particles
SHELLFISH quality in Britanny France
Challenge Shellfish quality
Challenge Litter/microplastic in
fresh and sea water
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_pollution#/media/File:Kamilo_Beach2_Courtesy_Algalita_
dot_org.jpg
http://aquascapeconservatio
n.org/research/marine-
debris/
https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/save-a-turtle-by-
reducing-marine-litter-in-kenya/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma
rine_pollution
http://www.senat.fr/rap/r10-652/r10-65216.html
Challenge Marine under noise
http://www.xchange-
madagascar.com/actualites/index.php/exploratio
n-petroliere-un-choix-cornelien-entre-or-noir-et-
biodiversite/
http://ocr.org/portfolio/shipping-noise/
http://www.slideshare.net/indiawaterportal/2-seminar-
presentation-cdr-das
Challenges Nitrates and pesticides
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Eutrophisation
Challenges Uncontrolled
urbanisation
• Increase in sealing (impact on water quality and
quantity, increase in flooding, city temperature, air
quality,…)
• Increase in networks investments (sewage, drinking
water pipes, public transport, roads, telecoms,
electricity, gaz..)
• Increase in operational and maintenance costs
Endangered municipalities budget
Challenges Climate change
• Change the rain intensity and worsen rain impact
• Increase water scarcity and flooding
• Increase water pollution
• Increase air pollution
• Increase water temperature and impact of
microbiological contamination
• Increase air temperature and heat wave
• Increase sea level
Half full Half empty
Current situation
EU benefits
European actions helps and will
continue to improve our Environment
Solutions are already
here and encouraged by
the European
Commission
EU benefits
At source and multi benefits measures
are priority measures to be
implemented
Article 191 of the treaty on the
functioning of the European Union
"environmental damage should as a
priority be rectified at source"
EU benefits
Better access to
information European policy
Creation of a generic open source waste
water website
• showing and using the data,
• disseminating the data
• tool free to be reused,
• including many functionalities,
• with maps, graphs, tables
• with individual fiches…
• and allowing regular evolution.
1. Generic website: http://uwwtd.oieau.fr/
2. web tool and documentation for
developers: https://github.com/OIEau/uwwtd
Biodiversity
Lampetra fluviatilis
A city with green areas is attractive
Positive impact of bats (2000 à 7000 mosquitoes per night)
NATURA 2000 Schelde- en Durmeëstuarium van
de Nederlandse grens tot Gent
European policy
Integrated urban and
rural management European policy
Commission
contribution: best
practices website
http://www.nwrm.eu/
Green infrastructure such as natural water retention
measures in urban and rural areas to protect water
resources and address water-related challenging
Transversal and multi-benefit measures
http://www.nwrm.eu/
Energy
Solar energy
Wind energy Energy storage
European policy
Mobility
Driverless vehicles for
people and goods
Electric cars trucks and bus
Electric plane
walking cycling
Freight Drones
European policy
