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Environment, Economics and Society – leading the way to environmental
sustainability in the marine industry
David Loosley,
Chief Executive, IMarEST
Overview
• Defining ‘sustainability’
• The overarching elements
• The key players
• Current environmental challenges
• Future environmental challenges
• The IMarEST and its role in sustainability
DEFINING SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainable development is commonly
defined as development that which "meets
the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs."
Economic Development
People throughout the world
deserve the best standard of
living that is sustainable.
Improving medical care,
sanitation, education, and
enabling people to support
themselves with a good
standard of living requires the
generation of wealth by
economic activity. Sustainable
economies also need to be
competitive in a world market.
Products that are too expensive
to buy cannot be sustainable,
even if they are environmentally
friendly
Environmental Protection
Sustainable human activities
look to protect the Earth’s
environment and limited
resources to make sure it is not
damaged for future
generations.
Social Development
To have a sustainable future, the needs
of people must be met and the best
standard of living possible must be
achieved without harming or exploiting
others. Sustainable development
addresses these needs by promoting
equality, education and participation in
local communities.
All too often, development is driven by one particular
need, without fully considering the wider or future
impacts.
We’ve seen the damage this kind of approach can
cause, from large-scale financial crises caused by
irresponsible banking, to climate-change from our
dependence on fossil fuels.
Living within our environmental limits is one of the
central principles of sustainable development. But the
focus of sustainable development is far broader than
just the environment. It's also about ensuring a strong,
healthy and just society. This means meeting the
diverse needs of all people in existing and future
communities, promoting personal wellbeing, social
cohesion and inclusion, and creating equal opportunity.
History• 1972 - United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm
brought the industrialized and developing nations together to delineate the ‘rights’ of
the human family to a healthy and productive environment
• 1980 - International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources (IUCN)
published the World Conservation Strategy (WCS) which provided a precursor to the
concept of sustainable development
• 1992 - UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) was held in Rio
de Janeiro and adopted an agenda for environment and development in the 21st
Century
• 2012 - “Rio+20" how to build a green economy to achieve sustainable development
and lift people out of poverty; and how to improve international coordination for
sustainable development. = more than $513 billion was pledged to build a sustainable
future
THE OVERARCHING ELEMENTS
• UN has 8 Millennium Development Goals – energy is
central to nearly every major challenge and opportunity
the world faces today
• The basic human needs of food, clean water and energy
are pivotal drivers for sustainable development in the
marine and maritime sector.
• A profound change of the global food and agriculture
system is needed if we are to nourish today's 925 million
hungry and the additional 2 billion people expected by
2050.
• Clean, accessible water for all is an essential part of the
world we want to live in. There is sufficient fresh water on
the planet to achieve this but by 2050, at least one in four
people is likely to live in a country affected by chronic or
recurring shortages of fresh water.
Rio + 20
Sustainable Energy for All
– Universal energy access, renewable energy & energy efficiency
A Focus on Oceans
– Sustainable fisheries
– Protection of coral reefs
– Reduction of invasive species
The world's oceans - their temperature, chemistry, currents and life - drive global
systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Our rainwater, drinking water,
weather, climate, coastlines, much of our food, and even the oxygen in the air we
breathe, are all ultimately provided and regulated by the sea. Throughout history, oceans
and seas have been vital conduits for trade and transportation. Careful management of
this essential global resource is a key feature of a sustainable future
Key Players in Sustainable Development
• Business and Industry
• Children and Youth
• Farmers
• Indigenous Peoples
• Governments and Local Authorities
• NGOs
• Scientific & Technological Community
• Women
• Workers and Trade Unions
Business and Industry
• Nearly 8,000 companies from 140 countries participate in the United
Nations Global Compact.
• The Global Corporate Sustainability Report 2013 reveals that
businesses around the world are beginning to take sustainability more
seriously.
• Environmental principles are:
– Businesses should support a precautionary approach to
environmental challenges
– undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility
– encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally
friendly technologies
How businesses
can commit to
sustainable
development
Business and Industry
• There is no alternative to sustainable development
• Sustainable development can drive innovation
• Voluntary action might not be enough
• Businesses can yield bottom-line and top line
returns.
Legislation
• There has been a mass of guidance and policies permeating
the industry with regard to sustainable development, but little
in the way of primary legislation
• For example - There have been a number of EU Directives
and statutes passed over the years but all have more oblique
roles apropos sustainable development since they tend to
have broadly environmental roots.
Legislation & IMO – A Sustainable
Maritime Transportation System
• The IMO vision states … “to achieve a sustainable maritime
transport system it is a must to minimize the environmental
impact of shipping and activities of maritime industries”.
• Environmental stewardship should be reflected in the
development and implementation of global standards for
pollution prevention and protection of the marine environment.
CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Current Environmental Issues – against
the 3 pillars
Why care?
• Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods.
• Globally, the market value of marine and coastal resources and industries is estimated at $3 trillion
per year or about 5 per cent of global GDP.
• Oceans contain nearly 200,000 identified species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions.
• Oceans absorb about 30 per cent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of
global warming.
• Oceans serve as the world’s largest source of protein, with more than 2.6 billion people depending
on the oceans as their primary source of protein.
• Marine fisheries directly or indirectly employ over 200 million people.
• Subsidies for fishing are contributing to the rapid depletion of many fish species and are preventing
efforts to save and restore global fisheries and related jobs, causing ocean fisheries to generate
US$ 50 billion less per year than they could.
• As much as 40 per cent of the world oceans are heavily affected by human activities, including
pollution, depleted fisheries, and loss of coastal habitats.
Climate Change – The Big Issue
GHG emissions from shipping
GHG Emissions
GHG emissions
responsible for
climate change
Protection of people from impacts of
climate change
Costs to shippers to
comply with legislation
GHG – mitigation
• Speed reduction by ships
• Speed reduction due to port efficiency
• Shore side power/cold ironing
• Carbon credits/Other market based measures
• Improved anti-foulings
• Alternative power sources (renewable such as wind, kites, solar)
• Alternative fuels such as LNG, biofuel
• Propeller polishing
• Water flow optimisation
• Propeller upgrades
• Hull cleaning
• Air lubrication
• Waste heat reduction
• Main engine retrofits
• High efficiency lighting
• Optimal routing
• Tuning/Process improvement on energy production
• Smart technology for fluid handling applications
• Autopilot upgrades
NOx and SOx emissions
Harmful acidification and nutrient
enhancement
Adverse respiratory
and cardiovascular
effects
Cost of health care &Cost to shipping
NOx and SOx mitigation
• Water Injection
• Selective catalytic reduction
• Low Sulphur fuel/marine distillites
• Scrubbers
• Alternative power sources (renewable such as wind, kites, solar)
• Alternative fuels such as LNG, biofuel
• Shore side power/cold ironing
• Exhaust gas recirculation
Spills & Leaks
Direct impact to wildlife and
habitats
Damage to livelihoods
and impact on food chain
Clean up costsLoss of livelihood
Mitigating spills and leaks
• Ship design
• Maintenance & Owner responsibility
• Competence
• Navigational aids & Onboard equipment
• Surveillance
• Inspections
• Reception facilities
• Cargo owner & consumer responsibility
Invasive Species
Lower biodiversity
and an unhealthy ecosystem
Human health issues and
loss of livelihoods
Cost of invasive species/cost of BWM /Antifouling
Mitigation of invasive species
• Legal instruments and financial penalties
• Ballast Water Management
• Ballast Water Treatment
• Ballast Water Exchange
• Antifouling coatings
• Cleaning intervals
• Propeller cleaning
• Good maintenence
Waste Management
Direct impact to wildlife via entrapment &
injestion
Direct harm to beach goers & swimmers plus loss of livelihood
Clean up costsLoss of livelihood
Mitigating Garbage• Reducing the use of disposable consumer products (e.g. plastic
bags)
• Incentivising the reuse of plastic and other containers through deposit schemes and reverse vending.
• Extended producer responsibility
• Better waste disposal facilities in coastal municipalities and at beaches
• Beach clean-ups
• Educational programs and promotional activities on marine litter
• Improved waste water treatment to prevent microplastics and other sewage related debris entering the sea from sewage outlets
• A more harmonized port reception facilities regime and discharge of water at port facilities
• Increased enforcement and higher fines for littering,both at sea and on land
• Measures to prevent loss of containers on ships and safer waste transportation
Sewage
O2 depletion leading to death of
aquatic animals and plants
Risk to public health for
swimmers & eating
contaminated seafood
Health costsLoss of livelihood Cost of equipment
Mitigating Sewage• a sewage treatment plant
• a sewage comminuting and disinfecting system, with facilities for temporary storage of sewage
• a holding tank for the retention of sewage which has sufficient capacity and has a visual indicator of the amount of its contents
• Sewage that has been treated can be discharged anywhere at sea.
• Sewage that has been comminuted and disinfected can be discharged a minimum of three miles from the nearest land. Untreated sewage must be discharged no less than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land.
• In all the above cases the vessel must be proceeding at not less than 4 knots when making the discharge.
Underwater Noise
Impacts on marine life in
particular mammals who
depend on sound
Loss of keystone marine species
Cost of quieting measures
Mitigating Underwater Noise
• Design considerations– Propeller design
– Hull design
• On board machinery– Engine design
• Operational – Speed
– Hull & propeller cleaning
– Routing to avoid mammals
– Marine mammal observers
FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHALLENGES
• Depletion of Fish Stocks
• Radioactive material
• Ocean Acidification
• Exploitation of Marine Genetic Resources
• Marine mining
• Coral Reef management
• Emissions of Black Carbon
• Nutrient over enrichment
• Exploration in harsher environments
• Decommissioning
Sustainability will drive innovation
and innovation will drive sustainability
THE IMAREST AND ITS ROLE IN
SUSTAINABILITY
IMarEST Mission
• Our vision is a world where marine
resources and activities are sustained,
managed and developed for the benefit of
humanity
• Delivering Safe and Sustainable Seas
• Environmental Sustainability is the area of
most common ground between Science,
Engineering & Technology
Our Members• Marine Scientists in:
• Oceanography
• Marine Biology
• Climate Change research
• Marine Engineers in:
• Defence
• Merchant Navy
• Ship Building and Ship Repair
• Oil and Gas
• Marine Technologists in:
• Marine Logistics
• Hydrographic Surveying and Cartography
• Navigation and Deck
• Marine Renewable Energy
Our Global Reach
Our Technical Voice
Our Technical
Policy
International Maritime
Organization
Intergovernmental
Oceanographic
Commission
United Nations
Convention on The Law
of The SeaInternational Panel on Climate Change
Observer
Observer
Consultative
Observer
(IPCC)
(IOC)
(LOS issues)
(IMO)International
Hydrographic
Organization
Observer
(IHO)
IMarEST Special Interest Groups (Sigs)
Climate Change Mitigation, Impacts
and Adaptation
How?
• Technical networks via NEXUS – open to all members
• Special interest & expert groups- small groupings of experts but with transparency
• Technical workshops
• Conferences & training courses
• Inputs to IGOs
• Publications
THANK YOU