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The Rainforest Preservation Agreement Between The World Wildlife Fund For Nature (WWF) And Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (April)
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“Rainforest Reprieve: The Rainforest Preservation
Agreement Between The World Wildlife Fund For Nature (WWF)
And Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd.
(April).” ISA 2010: New Orleans
Charles LaffiteauUniversity of Texas at Dallas &
Dublin City University
Rainforest Reprieve
“What are the essential elements of private contract
agreements between environmental NGOs and
Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) that contribute to
their success?”
Rainforest Reprieve
Utilize case studies involving the World Wildlife Fund for Nature’s (WWF) agreements to preserve High Conservation Value (HCV)
rainforests in Indonesia
Rainforest Reprieve
Rainforest Reprieve
A less than successful WWF environmental accord with Asia
Pulp and Paper (APP) is examined in addition to the current agreement between
the WWF and Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (April).
Rainforest Reprieve
Why private NGO-MNC contracts? Necessitated by the absence of
government institutions with either the means and or the political will to prevent environmental damage caused by illegal logging of HCV
tropical rainforests
Rainforest Reprieve
Deforestation is the fastest growing and third largest contributor (18% of total
carbon emissions) to global carbon emissions
Rainforest Reprieve
Between 1990 and 2005, the global rate of deforestation averaged about 13 million hectares (130
000 km2) a year.
Rainforest ReprieveEconomic drivers of deforestation:
*South America: large scale commercial production of meat and
soybeans (for livestock feed & biofuel).
*South East Asia: mix of large scale farming of oil-palm (for biofuel),
coffee, pulp & paper production and construction timber.
Rainforest Reprieve
Rainforest Reprieve
“Future atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations and consequent climate change depend to a large extent on
the future course of the terrestrial uptake.”
Hurt et al, 2002, p. 1357
Rainforest Reprieve
It has been estimated that as much 40% of the wood used
by Indonesia’s pulp and paper mills has been cut
illegally and the Indonesian government has been
powerless to prevent it. Global Forest Watch, 2000
Rainforest Reprieve
“Logging, milling, and trading of illegal timber from National parks and adjacent areas are carried out
systematically and in the open, with little or no interference from
Forestry Department officials or the police”
FWI/GFW, 2002, P.34
Rainforest Reprieve
Rainforest Reprieve
A World Bank study finds that unless illegal logging is stopped and legal logging practices in Indonesia improve, there will be no higher quality tropical forest left on the island of
Sumatra by 2011.
Rainforest Reprieve
Given the Indonesian government’s inability to stop illegal logging, in 2000, WWF initiated discussions with 2nd largest Indonesian pulp and
paper MNC, April.
Rainforest Reprieve
Early talks proceeded slowly and broke off in 2001 when
the WWF discovered that April had begun clear cutting in
Tesso Nilo leading to a boycott and media negative publicity.
Rainforest Reprieve
Rainforest Reprieve
April maintains that it didn’t lose any customers due to
the CNN story and the 2002 boycott, but it acknowledges
that it had to defend its actions to customers.
Rainforest Reprieve
Three days after the CNN news crew left Indonesia, April promised to stop all
logging inside Tesso Nilo and to stop building a second
road through it.
Rainforest Reprieve
April has also agreed not to log 386 square miles of the rainforest adjoining Tesso
Nilo, effectively doubling the park’s size.
Rainforest Reprieve
Today April is developing acacia wood plantations in
areas surrounding Tesso Nilo National Park to supply wood
for its mill on Sumatra.
Rainforest Reprieve
Rainforest Reprieve
WWF ended its boycott in 2006 and visited potential MNC customers like Proctor & Gamble to let them know that April was now a model of corporate environmental
responsibility.
Rainforest Reprieve
Fearing the effects of negative publicity, APP agreed to
negotiate with the WWF, and in 2003, APP agreed not to log the most ecologically
sensitive areas.
Rainforest Reprieve
But this ended six months later after WWF refused to approve the environmental
management plan, and questioned the figures APP was supplying. WWF then
began lobbying buyers worldwide to boycott APP.
Rainforest Reprieve
Rainforest Reprieve
APP entered into a five year partnership with Rainforest
Alliance in 2005 to identify and monitor high conservation value
forest within four concessions managed by APP in Palau Muda, Serapung, Siak, and Bukit Batu.
Rainforest Reprieve
Rainforest Alliance made a number of requests for
changes in the management of these areas in the first year of the contract but
found that out APP was not adhering to the agreement.
Rainforest Reprieve
Currently a new logging road in Riau Province -- strongly
indicated as illegally built by companies connected to Asia
Pulp & Paper) -- is cutting into the heart of Sumatra's
largest contiguous peat land forest.
Rainforest Reprieve
Rainforest Reprieve
Key findings;1. No NGO-MNC private
contract can account for all environmental concerns so mutual trust and respect must govern such relationships.
Rainforest Reprieve
Key findings;2. MNC must agree to be
monitored by NGO and NGO must be willing to compromise its interests
Rainforest Reprieve
Key findings;3. An economically sustainable
alternative to illegal logging must be provided for the native population.
Rainforest Reprieve
Rainforest Reprieve