CLIMATE

SUBMITTED BYLILLY GROUP

THIS WAS DONE BY:RAM MANOHARIX – ATERM - 2 (BASED ON CBSE SYLLABUS)

@ramgajananam

CLIMATE REFERS TO THE SUM TOTAL OF WEATHER CONDITIONS OR VARIATIONS OVER A LARGE AREA FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME. OR IT IS THE AVERAGE WEATHER CONDITION OF AN AREA OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME

CLIMATE ?. .. .

the hour to hour, day to day change in the atmosphere

WEATHERWEATHER REFERS TO THE STATE OF ATMOSPHERE OVER AN AREA AT ANY POINT OF TIME.

WEATHER CHANGES FREQUENTLY OR WITHIN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.

CLIMATIC CONTROLSThere are 6 major controls of

climate of a place they are : 1)LATITUDE2)ALTITUDE3)PRESSURE AND WIND SYSTEM4)DISTANCE FROM SEA

(CONTINENTALITY)5)OCEAN CURRENTS6)RELIEF FEATURES

FACTORS AFFECTING INDIA’S

CLIMATE THE MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING INDIA’S CLIMATE ARE THE FOLLOWING :1)LATITUDE2)ALTITUDE3)PRESSURE AND WINDS

@ramgajananam

LATITUDETHE TROPIC OF CANCER PASSES THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE COUNTRY FROM THE RANN OF KUCHH IN THE WEST TO MIZORAM IN THE EAST. ALMOST HALF OF THE COUNTRY, LYING SOUTH TO THE TROPIC OF CANCER , BELONGS TO THE TROPICAL AREA .ALL THE REMAINING AREA , NORTH OF THE TROPIC ,LIES IN THE SUB TROPICS. THEREFORE , INDIA HAS CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL AS WELL AS SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES.

@ramgajananam

INDIA HAS MOUNTAINS TO THE NORTH, WHICH HAVE AN AVERAGE HEIGHT OF ABOUT 6,000 METRES. INDIA ALSO HAS A VAST COASTAL AREA WHERE THE MAXIMUM ELEVATION IS ABOUT 30 METRES.THE HIMALAYAS PREVENT THE COLD WIND FROM CENTRAL ASIA FROM ENTERING THE SUBCONTINENT. IT IS BECAUSE OF THIS MOUNTAINS THAT THIS SUBCONTINENT EXPERIENCE COMPARITIVELY MILDER WINTERS AS COMPARED TO CENTRAL ASIA. TEMPERATURE DECREASES AS ONE MOVES TO HIGHER ALTITUDE

ALTITUDE

PRESSURE AND WINDSYSTEM

PRESSURE AND WIND SYSTEM ALSO PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN AFFECTING THE CLIMATIC CONTROL OF INDIA.WE KNOW THAT INDIA LIES IN THE NORTH EASTERLY WINDS.THESE WIND ORIGINATE FROM THE SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE BELT OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.THEY BLOW SOUTH AND GET DEFLECTED TOWARSD RIGHT DUE TO CORIOLIS FORCE.

WESTERN CYCLONICDISTURBANCES

THE WESTERN CYCLONIC DISTURBANCES ARE WEATHER PHENOMENA OF THE WINTER MONTHS BROUGHT IN BY THE WESTERLY FLOW FROM THE MEDITTERIAN REGION.THEY USUALLY INFLUENCE THE WEATHER OF NORTH INDIA AND NORTH WESTERN REGIONS OF INDIA.TROPICAL CYCLONES OCCUR DURING MONSOON AS WELL AS IN OCTOBER – NOVEMBER AND ARE A PART OF EASTERLY FLOW.WE KNOW THAT THEY HAVE CAUSED HUGE DAMAGE AND DISASTER OVER THE ANDHRA,TELUNGANA AND ODISHA COAST.IN 2013 & 2014.

INDIAN MONSOON

NORTH EAST MONSOON

SOUTH WEST MONSOON

MEANING OF THE WORD MONSOON

THE WORD ‘MONSOON’ HAS BEEN DERRIVED FROM THE ARABIC WORD ‘MAUSIM’ OR ‘MAUSAM’ WHICH LITERALLY MEANS AS SEASON.

INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

THE INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ) IS A LOW PRESSURE ZONE IN THE EQUATORIAL LATTITUDE WHERE NORTH EAST AND SOUTH EAST TRADE WINDS CONVERGE.THIS CONVERGENCE ZONE LIES MORE OR LESS PARALLEL TO THE EQUATOR BUT MOVES NORTH OR SOUTH WITH THE APPARENT MOVEMENT OF THE SUN.

EL-NINO THIS IS A NAME GIVEN TO THE PERIODIC DEVELOPMENT OF A WARM OCEAN CURRENT ALONG THE PERUVIAN COAST AS A TEMPORARY REPLACEMENT OF THE COLD PERUVIAN CURRENT.‘EL-NINO’ IS A SPANISH WORD MEANING ‘THE CHILD’ , AND REFERS TO BABY CHRIST.AS THIS CURRENT STARTS FLOWING DURING CHRISTMAS , THE PRESENCE OF EL-NINO LEADS TO AN INCREASE IN THE SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND WEAKENING OF THE TRADE WINDS IN THE REGION.

BURST OF MONSOON

AROUND ITS TIME OF ARRIVAL, THE NORMALRAINFALL INCREASES SUDDENLY AND CONTINUES CONSTANTLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS.THIS IS KNOWN AS THE BURST OF MONSOON……………

@ramgajananam

THE SEASONS OF INDIA

1)HOT WEATHER SEASON (SUMMER) (MARCH-MAY)2)ADVANCING MONSOON SEASON (RAINY) (JUNE-SEPTEMBER)3) RETREATING MONSOON SEASON (OCTOBER-NOVEMBER)4)COLD WEATHER SEASON (WINTER) (MID NOVEMBER – FEBRUARY)

MAWSYNRAMMAWSYNRAM IS A VILLAGE IN THE EAST KHASI HILLS DISTRICT OF MEGHALAYA STATE IN NORTH EASTERN INDIA , 65 KM FROM SHILLONG.IT IS REPORTEDLY THE WETTEST PLACE ON EARTH WITH AN ANNUAL RAINFALL OF 11,872 mm BUT THAT CLAIM IS DISPUTED BY Lloro , COLOMBIA WHICH HAD AN AVERAGE YEARLY RAINFALL OF 12,717mm(BETWEEN 1952 AND 1989).LOPEZ DAL ALSO A PLACE IN COLOMBIA RECIEVED 12,892 mm RAINFALL(BETWEEN 1960 AND 2012)MAWSYNRAM RECEIVED 26,000 mm RAINFALL DURING 1985.

.

DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

IN INDIA

@ramgajananam

DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALLPARTS OF WESTERN COAST AND NORTH EASTERN INDIA RECEIVE OVER ABOUT 400 cm OF RAINFALL ANNUALLY.HOWEVER,IT IS LESS THAN 60cm IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN AND ADJOINING PARTS OF GUJARAT , HARYANA AND PUNJAB.RAINFALL IS EQUALLY LOW IN THE INTERIOR OF THE DECCAN PLATEAU AND EAST OF SAHYADRIS .JAMMU& KASHMIAR ALSO RECEIVE LOW RAINFALL, WHILE THE REST OF THE COUNTRY RECEIVE MODERATE RAINFALL.

ANNUAL RAINFALL

IN INDIA

SEASONAL RAINFALL

IN INDIA

WHY DO WE GET SEASONS@ramgajananam

@ramgajananam

THANK YOU

THIS WAS PREPARED BYRAM MANOHAR