Biological Classification

Why classify?

• Humans have developed classification systems in order to make sense of the abundant biological diversity that exists in nature.

Taxonomy

• the science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups

• Taxonomists search for previously unknown organisms, determining their relationships to known organisms, and giving them names.

Chordata

Panthera

The Biological Classification System

• The system is hierarchical.– Larger groups are more general and

smaller groups are more specific.– For example, the phylum Chordata

includes both lions and lionfish, but the genus Panthera includes only lions.

The Biological Classification System

• The system is phylogenetic.– It is meant to reflect the evolutionary

interrelatedness among groups.– For example, the grey wolf and the

dog both are placed in the genus Canis because of their close evolutionary relationship.

Seven Levels of Taxonomic Classification

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Kingdom, Phylum…what?

• An easy way to remember the classification levels:

“King Philip Came Over From Great Spain”

• Try to make up your own!

Seven Levels of Taxonomic Classification

for the…

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Gr izzly Bear

Kingdom

• The most general of the seven levels.

• Most biologists currently recognize six different kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals

Phylum (plural: phyla)

• Each kingdom is subdivided into smaller, more specific groups called phyla.

Class

• Each phylum is subdivided into smaller groups called classes.

Order

• Each class is subdivided into smaller groups called orders.

Family

• Each order is subdivided into smaller groups called families.

Genus (plural: genera)

• Each family is subdivided into smaller groups called genera.

Species• Each genus is subdivided into smaller

groups called species. • The species is the most specific level

of classification.

Scientific Names

• The scientific name of an organism contains two parts—the name of the genus and the name of the species.

Writing Scientific Names

• The rules for writing scientific names:

-CAPITALIZE the first letter of the genus name.

-Do not capitalize the species name.

-Both names must be underlined or italicized.

• Example: human = Homo sapiens

Seven Levels of Taxonomic Classification

for the…

• Kingdom-Animalia

• Phylum-Chordata

• Class-Mammalia

• Order-Carnivora

• Family-Felidae

• Genus-Panthera

• Species-leo

Lion

Seven Levels of Taxonomic Classification

for the…• Kingdom-Animalia

• Phylum-Chordata

• Class-Mammalia

• Order-Primates

• Family-Hominidae

• Genus-Homo

• Species-sapiens

Human

Seven Levels of Taxonomic Classification

for the…

• Kingdom-Protista

• Phylum-Sarcodina

• Class-Rhizopoda

• Order-Amoebida

• Family-Amoebidae

• Genus-Amoeba

• Species-proteus

Amoeba

Seven Levels of Taxonomic

Classificationfor the…

• Kingdom-Animalia

• Phylum-Chordata

• Class-Mammalia

• Order-Carnivora

• Family-Canidae

• Genus-Canis

• Species-familiaris

Dog

Seven Levels of Taxonomic Classification

for the…

• Kingdom-Plantae

• Phylum-Tracheophyta

• Class-Anthophyta

• Order-Asterales

• Family-Compositae

• Genus-Taraxacum

• Species-officinale

Dandelion

Seven Levels of Taxonomic Classification

for the…

• Kingdom: Animalia

• Phylum: Chordata

• Class: Mammalia

• Order: Xenarthra

• Family:

Myrmecophagidae

• Genus Tamandua

• Species: tetradactyla

Collar ed Ant eat er

Assignment (Due Monday)• Find and write down all seven major

levels of taxonomic classification for the organism of your choice.