Approaches towards Sustainability in Small Scale Fisheries in Indonesia

Momo KochenMasyarakat dan Perikanan, Indonesia (MDPI)

Indonesian Fisheries: Lay of the Land- 17,508 islands

- 54,716 km coastline/ EEZ of 2.7 million km

- Fishery production: 5.8 million tons marine catch (2012)- Exported fishery commodities 3.8 billion USD- 21% of agricultural economy, 3% GDP

- Marine fleet: 620,830 vessels

- Small Scale Sector Contributes:- 80% of fish production- Employment for 7.3 million people

Reference: http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/IDN/enAdhuri et al, 2015; Green Market for small people: markets and opportunities for upgrading in small scale fisheries in Indonesia

Indonesia: Lay of the land

Question?????

- Does anybody know how the governance of archipelagic states differs from normal coastal states?

- Given the lay of the land, what issues do you foresee with regards to governing fisheries resources in a country like Indonesia?

Market Demand: Driving industry to change

• Quality• Introduction of HACCP in 90’s• Introducing training to processors and fishers

• Sustainability • MSC and the FIP approach

• Social Aspects• Ensuring slavery is abolished and human rights upheld

• Traceability• Introduction throughout supply chain• Transparency in telling the story of the fish

MDPIThe vision of MDPI:

To be a genuine and respected implementer of socially and sustainably geared programs to benefit the fishing communities and fisheries of Indonesia

The mission of MDPI: We aim to empower the wider small scale fishing communities to achieve standards and objectives on environmental sustainability, social compliance and economic viability through science. We implement this on the ground together with our partners and other stakeholders .

So what does MDPI really do?

• Supporting Industry to meet their market requirements

• Supporting industry to do the right thing

• Translating the market demand to Indonesian supply chain actors

• Translating the situation in Indonesia to the market and trying to define realistic expectations

What we really want is………Happy People and Many Fish!!

In practice……..

1. Quality• Quality improvement workshops with fishermen• Donation of ice-boxes

2. Sustainability• Fisheries Improvement Implementation• I-Fish

3. Social Compliance and community development• Implementing the FT standard• Using the FT approach

4. Traceability• IFITT project• MfIsh and PVR

Sustainability: Fisheries Improvement Project (FIP)

“A FIP is an alliance of stakeholders - retailers, processors, producers, and/or catchers – that  comes together to resolve problems within a specific fishery or improve some specific  aspect of the fishery that requires attention. The FIP works through key organizations and  individuals, talking through the management of the fishery and the challenges that it may  face, identifying data that needs to be collected, agreeing on a set of priority actions that  should be undertaken to improve the fishery, and then overseeing an action plan”

- Based on the MSC structure

MDPIVision & Mission

I-Fish Tools

Fisheries Improvement

Port sampling

ETP Sampling

Co-ManagementDMCs

Sustainability: Fisheries Improvement Projects

MDPI: Supporting Industry to get involved in a small but effective

way to make change

Data Collection

Documenting ETP interaction and creating awareness

Involvement in co-management

MDPI Support throughout

I-Fish is…….

“ a cutting edge data platform, robust fishery monitoring protocols and clearly defined mechanisms for collaboration between stakeholders”

I-Fish provides a way for fishery stakeholders to work together to enrich fisheries data and management.

I-Fish is a route for Industry to become involved in fisheries sustainability and to become involved in ‘real change on the ground’

I-Fish as a Collaboration Platform I-FISH provides a framework for

fisheries stakeholders to work together to enhance fisheries data and sustainable management.

Through I-FISH Data Management Committees, stakeholders work together to collect and analyze data, and make management recommendations based on that data.

Institutionalized through a provincial decree

All members should be stakeholders to the fishery

1. Core Members:

a) Regulator : Marine and fishery Agencies in Province and Regency

b) Fisheries Business Actors : Fisherman, Supplier, Industry, buyers

c) Researchers : P4KSI, University

2. Ad-hocAdvisors : Expert

3. Additional members : Environmental NGO’s

Members of the Committee

I-Fish: as a data Platform

Social Aspects

Calipers vs Social Programs!

The human factor:-7.87 million fishers are living below the poverty line in Indonesia

Recent revelations about huge issues on human rights in supply chains:-Slavery

The Fair Trade approach in action

MDPI is implementing the 1st pilot project of FT wild caught fishery products in the world.

North Buru Island

Asilulu, West Ambon Island

Fair trade: How does it work?

The communities (with support from MDPI) need to:-Ensure socially compliance against the standard-Environmental compliance against the standard

Improvement for the community:-Infrastructure-Environmental-Education-Improving lives

Fresh on the shelves!

In Summary:

I-Fish / fisheries related programs

- Data collection

- ETP and ecosystem protection

- Co-Management

Fair trade / community approach

- Sustainability related Awareness Program

- Infrastructure Improvement

- Capacity Building

- Distribution of safety equipment

Break Time!Any questions or

comments?

www.mdpi.or.id

Traceability: Telling the story…….

MDPI partners, industry and entire supply chains are willing to do the work but how can we make sure that they get the recognition they deserve for the effort they are putting in?

Improving Fisheries Information and Traceability for Tuna

(IFITT)

Why do we need traceability?

Informational demands: Limit and target reference points, by-catch, food safety, IUU, provenance, benefit allocation and conservation burden, employment and food security

???

?

ChallengesVarying levels of availability,

transparency and literacyIndonesia/ information poor ... fish rich?Private sector starting to face barriers to

export markets (market demand is increasing)

Traceability within the chain…..due to IFITT

Vessel

Vessel

Supplier

Processor

Distributer

Retailer

Restaurant

Consumer

I-fish ThisFish

IFITT

Compiled information for many and varied stakeholders:Fishermen, suppliers, processors, distributers, retailers, consumers, government, fisheries managers, academia etc

Code

A 590054

Policy in Indonesia to date

• Extensive and elaborate laws• Decentralized government has handed governance of fisheries

management to districts and municipalities• 11 fisheries management areas• Stakeholder forums

• Largely Autonomous Directorate Generals (9)• Little or no integration• Lack of shared vision

• Too Strong a focus on economic development vs. sustainable development

• Little enforcement of laws

Reference: MSI, 2009. Enhancing Government Effectiveness in Indonesia USAID, 2013: Final Report on Indonesian Fisheries Policy R.Banks, 2013: Indonesian Tuna FIP review

Policy in Indonesia: enter Ibu Susi

6 new laws within 4 months of coming into power:

1.Prohibition of trawls and seine nets in *all* of Indonesia's fishery management areas (WPPs).

2.Prohibits fishing in breeding grounds and spawning grounds in the Banda Sea

3.Temporary suspension of fishing licenses issuance

 

Policy Continued

4. Prohibition of the export (but not necessarily capture) of oceanic whitetip shark and hammerhead sharks from Indonesia.

5. Outlaw of the capture of pregnant ("berried", or egg-carrying) lobster crab and blue swimming crab. It also puts into effect a minimum legal sizes

6. Prohibition on transhipment at sea

Proposed: Closing of the 4 nm zone to commercial fishing.

Anova/ Fishing & Living’s vision in 2011

IndonesianGovernment

RFMO 1

RFMO 2

Industry Data

MS

C C

ertification

Sto

ck Assessm

ent

What should the Vision be now in 2015

Value chains

Fair Trade

Seafood Fraud

Illegal Fishing

RFMOs

Social Standards

Enforcement

Regulations

FIPs

Marine Stewardship

Council

Traceability Consumers

Archipelagic state

Environmental/ Environmental/ Social NGOSocial NGO

Industry

Markets

Thank You and Well done!

Any questions or comments?

www.mdpi.or.id