ALTERNATIVE, EFFECTS OF PLASTIC, PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT.
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1. The word plasticis derived from the Greek (plastikos)
meaning capable of being shaped or molded. Plastics are arrange of
synthetic or semi-synthetic polymerization products that can be
molded into a permanent object having the property of plasticity.
Properties of Plastics Resistant Durable Insulator Inexpensive Easy
to produce About 100 million tones of plastic is produced each
year.
2. COMPOSITION Most plastics contain organic polymers. The vast
majority of these polymers are based on chains of carbon atoms
alone or with oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen as well. Most plastics
contain Additives (0 to 50%). The average content of additives is
20% by weight of the polymer. Fillers are used to improve
performance and to reduce costs. Stabilizers like fire retardants
are used to lower the flammability of the material.
3. Plastics that are made up of polymers having only aliphatic
(linear) C atoms in their backbone chains. Ex-polypropylene
Polypropene Plastics that are made up of hetero chain polymers
contain O, N, S in their backbone chains, in addition to C. Ex
polycarbonate Polycarbonate
4. Plastics that do not undergo chemical change in their
composition when heated and can be molded again and again.
Thermoplastic Thermosets are permanently "set" once they're
initially formed and can't be melted. Thermosetting
5. Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Uses includes plastic wrap, food
containers, lighting panels, garden hoses, and the constantly
encountered plastic bag. Thermoset Thermoset Uses includes kitchen
tools, glues, varnishes, electronic components (circuit
boards).
6. Plastics Release Pollutants: Poly brominated di-phenyl
ethers (PBDE) Nonylphenolls Bisphenol A Phthalates Plastics Absorb
Hydrophobic Pollutants: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Dichloro
Diphenyl Trichloro ethane (DDT) Dichloro Diphenyl Dichloro ethylene
(DDE) PVC when burned result in emissions of the deadly poisons
named dioxin. Dioxins are highly persistent compounds, with the
potential to become increasingly concentrated in living tissues as
they move up the food chain. It is often considered to be the
man-made compound most toxic to animals.
7. We currently recover only 5% of the plastics we produce.
Pollution exists today due to the society's lack of environmental
awareness & the ease of simply littering plastics.
8. The species that is most affected is the marine, aquatic
population. To a sea turtle, a floating plastic baglooks like a
jellyfish. When they eat these plastics, it clogs their intestines,
and they miss out on vital nutrients,and ultimately the turtles
starve to death. Other types of loose plastics entangle birds, fish
and mammals, making it difficult, if not impossible to move or eat,
which too leads to their ultimate demise.
9. 0.05% of plastic pieces from surface waters are pellets They
comprise about 70% of the plastic eaten by seabirds. These plastic
particles have been found in the stomachs of 63 of the world's
approximately 250 species of seabirds. Birds and other marine
animals gets trapped in plastic shopping bags, which suffocate them
to death.
10. Each year, an estimated 500 billion to 1 trillion plastic
bags are consumed worldwide. That's over 1 million plastic bags
used per minute. Scientists estimate that every square mile of
ocean contains about 46,000 pieces of floating plastic. Plastic
bags can take up to 1,000 years to break down. At least 267
different species are known to have suffered from entanglement or
ingestion of plastic marine debris. Only 14% of plastic water
bottles are recycled. Packaging now accounts for 1/3 of all
household waste..
11. The per capita consumption of plastic in the country is
10.2 kg in 2012.It is expected to go up to 12 kg by 2014. By 2012,
India is also projected to be the third largest consumer market for
plastic goods with a consumption of 12.5 million tonnes per annum,
behind US and China.
12. Total number of plastic bags used worldwide annually 1
trillion Total number of plastic bags China consumes everyday 3
billion Total number of plastic bags used every minute 1 million
Total number of years it takes for a plastic bag to degrade 1,000
years Total amount of plastic bags that were discarded in 2008 3.5
million tons Total amount of plastic floating in every square mile
of ocean 46,000 pieces Average plastic bags consumed per family in
4 trips to the grocery store 60 Percent of plastic made every year
that will end up in the ocean 10% Percent of household waste that
is plastic 11%
13. When we eat or drink things stored in plastic, plastic is
incorporated into us Plastic is one of the few chemical materials
which pose environmental problem. Plastic is biologically quite
inert, hence regarded to be more an aesthetic nuisance than a
hazard. Plastic is cheap, it gets discarded easily, and, its
persistence in the environment can do great harm. It causes immune
and enzyme disorders, hormonal disruption leading to endocrinal
disorders and even infertility and is also considered as
carcinogenic (cancer). Not only human health, it dangerously
effects other animal life and alters the environmental (air, water
and soil) sustainability causing hazardous pollution.
14. Plastic is accumulating at an alarming rate in our oceans -
wreaking havoc on wildlife, polluting our beaches and entering our
food chain. Our addiction to use-and-toss items is causing this
growing problem. Plastic bags pose a serious danger to birds and
marine animals that often mistake them for food. Thousands of
marine animals and more than1 million birds die each year as a
result of plastic pollution.
15. Plastic is ubiquitous in our lives because it is convenient
and relatively inexpensive. Its convenience comes from being
lightweight and its ability to absorb impact shock without
breaking. Plastics are so versatile in use that their impacts on
environment are extremely wide ranging, posing serious challenge
for disposal. Plastic is ubiquitous in our lives because it is
convenient and relatively inexpensive. Its convenience comes from
being lightweight and its ability to absorb impact shock without
breaking. Plastics are so versatile in use that their impacts on
environment are extremely wide ranging, posing serious challenge
for disposal.
16. HARD TO DECOMPOSE THREAT TO ANIMALS NON-RENEWABLE
DISADVANTAGES TOXIC DIFFICULT TO RECYCLE HARD TO USE Plastic bags,
once ingested, cannot be digested or passed by an animal so it
stays in the gut. Plastic in an animals gut can prevent food
digestion and can lead to a very slow and painful death.
17. Glass bottles can be melted and easily reused, as can tin
cans. Recycling plastic is not so simple. Water bottles are often
reused in the home but become less and less sturdy over time and
are ultimately thrown away. Plastic is manufactured using oil
by-products and natural gas, materials that could be used in
numerous other applications or conserved were plastic usage
lower.
18. GLASS and CERAMIC STAINLESS STEEL OTHER METALS
ANIMAL-DERIVED PLANT-DERIVED WOOD KHADI
19. Plastic bags take between 15 to 1000 years to degrade. The
de toxins and other chemical pollutants released from them are a
Serious Threat to be Tackled. Paper , Cloth, Jute, Cane, etc., are
the most preferable but still controversial. Designing
eco-friendly, biodegradable plastics is the need of the hour.
Though partially biodegradable plastics have been developed and
used, completely biodegradable plastics based on renewable starch
rather than petrochemicals have only recently been developed and
are in the early stages of commercialization.
20. It's impossible to eliminate most plastic from daily life,
but it's prudent for our health & environment to curb the use
of some. Proper management for disposal and public awareness would
bring a great difference in present situation. Overall reduction in
plastic usage. Hand over plastics properly for recycling or
disposal. Do not let plastic litter the environment. PLASTIC Act
NOW . SAVE EARTH
22. Extrusion PIPES TUBES Injection Moulding MISCELLANEOUS Blow
Moulding BOTTLES Film Moulding BAGS SHEETS SORTING COLLECTI ON
INDUSTRIAL WASTE AGRICULTUR AL WASTE MUNICIPAL WASTE COMMERCI AL
WASTE CLEANING
23. Disposing of plastic waste is trickier than dealing with
traditional landfill material. Not only plastic take thousands of
years to break down, it can leach dangerous poison into the
environment. Plastic is not going away, but how plastic waste is
managed is becoming more sophisticated. Managing plastic waste
starts at home with the consumer, but ultimately depends on
governments around the world as well.
24. Say NO to plastic check-out bags whilst shopping and buy
reusable bags or bring your own for your shopping instead. Use
Glass/Ceramic instead of plastic in Microwave. Replace plastic
travel mugs with stainless steel for hot beverages. When you cant
avoid plastic, check container bottoms for recycling codes (in
triangle with chasing arrows). Choose those easily recycled. Shop
at the local farmers markets. Buy the can instead of the plastic
bottle . The amount of oil needed to produce a years worth of
plastic packaging could fuel 480,000 cars for a year
25. The two best changes we can do are: Use less plastics To
reuse plastics when possible. Lead by example Ask your friends and
family to join you Speak to city council Write letters to
government officials Get your school involved By using ONE reusable
cloth bag, we can save up to 6 plastic bags a week that translates
into 24 bags a month or 288 bags a year that amounts to 22,176 bags
in an average lifetime.
26. WATER BOTTLE (stainless steel) BAG CUP TUPPERWARE
SILVERWEAR REUSE A GLASS JAR
27. Enormous quantities of plastic are produced and used. It is
convenient (use and throw away). Although some plastics are
recyclable, not enough is recycled. Laws, economical measures and
education help. Should we really put our own selfish needs before
the needs of everything around us now and the lives of future
generations? As a responsible citizen we must take precautions
while using plastic products, reduce the consumption, and encourage
others to do the same.