SAR Products/Solutions and Services

Technical Support by GISTDA

Dr. Anuphao Aobpaet (anuphao@eoc.gistda.or.th)

Earth Observation Center

Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency

(Public Organization)

SAR Applications Workshop, May 20-23, 2013, GISTDA Bangkhen Office, 196 Phahonyothin,

Chatuchak, Bangkok

Facilitation : variety set of satellite images ranging from

low to very high resolution, optical & radar sensors

Medium Resolution

High Resolution

Very High Resolution LANDSAT-5 & 7 (30 m)

IKONOS (1 m)

QUICKBIRD

(0.6 m)

WorldView-1 & 2

(0.5 m)

GeoEye-1

(0.5 m)

RADARSAT-1 & 2 (1-100 m)

ALOS (2.5-100 m) THEOS (2 m)

TERRA MODIS

(250-1000 m)

MTSAT http://eo.gistda.or.th/stormtracker/

COSMO-SkyMed 1,2,3,4 (1-100 m)

GISTDA : Facilities of ground station

Earth Observation Center (EOC) Lat-Krabang, Bkk.

THEOS Ground Control and Receiving Station Si Racha, Chon Buri

GISTDA Ground Stations: simple configuration

http://gcudos.gistda.or.th:8080/cudos

The radius of data reception is approximately 2,500 kilometers from Bangkok.

Covering 17 countries

Satellite Data Acquisition and Services

RADARSAT-1 AND RADARSAT-2

RADARSAT Architecture Interface

CAPPS

Agency Interface

System (AIS)

End User

RADARSAT-2 SOA

Product

Generation

System (PGS)

Direct Archive

System

(DAS)

Antenna and

Control

System

(CFE)

Catalog and User

Data Order

System (CUDOS)

Operator

Archive

Management

System

(AMS)

Archive

Retrieval

Dialogue

RADARSAT-2,

RADARSAT-1

GPS

X-band

Downlink

data

GPS time

signal

RADARSAT-2/1

Serial ECL

Baseband

Signal Data

Recording

Control Dialogue

Station Offline

Archive

Ground Truth

Data Sources

Signal Data

(LT0-5)

Product

Catalog

Update

with

browse

Browse

Catalogue

Acquisition

Coverage

Plan

Order

Dialogue

Product

Order

Acquisition

Planning

Signal Data

Decryption

Keys

Operator

Reception

Planning

Cataloguing

Request

NTP Server

(CFE)

Station time

Signal (NTP)

Order

Authorization

& Update

Acquisition

Cataloguing

System (ACS)

Order

Notification

DEM & GCP

Acquisition

Planning Tool

(APT)

Network Station

Automated

Reporting Tool

(NSART)

Orbit data,

Payload dataReception

ReportsDecryption

Info

Reception

Control

Dialogue

Orbit data,

Payload data

Advance

Reception Plan,

Reception

Schedule

RADARSAT-2

Order Desk

Purchase

Order

Acquisition

Coverage

Plan

Product

Signal Data

(LT0-4, SDLT)

Source: MDA

RADARSAT-2 Products overview

RADARSAT-2 Polarization Options per Beam/Mode

Source: http://gs.mdacorporation.com/products/sensor/radarsat2/RS2_Product_Description.pdf

Catalogue and Browse System for RADARSAT-1 and

RADARSAT-2 (http://gcudos.gistda.or.th:8080/cudos)

Product Generation System

Products delivery: RADARSAT-2 Wide MF Mode Coverage

Blu-ray disk media

COSMO-SkyMed 1, 2 , 3, 4

Source: eGEOS

Customer User Terminal Architecture Overview

SRI-RACHA SITE

Revisitation frequency of Cosmo-SkyMed satellites

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

CSK1 CSK1 CSK3 CSK2 CSK4

8 days 3 days 4 days 1 days

COSMO-SkyMed services

COSMO-SkyMed Ground segment system: for programming, acquiring, receiving and

processing COSMO-SkyMed data

• CUT system to be installed at GISTDA ground receiving

station at Siracha site

• Near Real Time data acquisition capability

Application Platforms for generation of value added products and service deployment

from CSK data

• Application platform System to be installed at GISTDA HQ

• Mean functionalities:

– Disaster assessment for flooding- FLOOD- flood extraction and monitoring

– Land Management- MTC- agricultural &forest monitoring

– Maritime surveillance- TE.M.A.S.- oil spill detection and monitoring

– Data Access and Exploitation Facility: operational procedures

implementation, products storage, management and analysis (GeoDatabase)

Source: eGEOS

• Retrieving data from catalogue (internal process)

Service Request Definition

Source: eGEOS

COSMO Acquisition Modes

SPOTLIGHT

1m resolution, 10x10 Km scenes

STRIPMAP HIMAGE

3m resolution, 40Km swath

STRIPMAP PINGPONG

15m resolution, 30Km swath

SCANSAR WIDE REGION

13x22m resolution, 100Km swath

SCANSAR HUGE REGION

13x38m resolution, 200Km swath

Source: eGEOS

COSMO-SkyMed Products

CO SMO -SkyMed

Acquisition Mode

Acquisit ion

Mnemonic

Nominal

Resolution (m)

Scene Size

(km x km)

Polarizat ion O ptions

Single Pol Dual Pol

H H VV H V VH H H +HV VV+VH H H +VV

Spotlight-2 S2 1 10x10 X X

HImage HI 3 40x40

(up to 40x2000)

X X X X

PingPong PP 15 30x30 X X X

ScanSAR-Wide WR 30

(13 looks)

100x100 X X X X

ScanSAR-Huge HR 100

(23 looks)

200x200 X X X X

COSMO processing levels COSMO Products:

Level 1A: Single-look Complex Slant

Level 1B: Detected Ground Multi-look

Level 1C: Geocoded

Level 1D: Terrain Corrected

• Using Customer’s own supplied DEM

Source: eGEOS

An example – Samut Prakan

Example: Commercial Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite Application Guide

Area Elevation Derivation

characteristics (vegetation cover and atmospheric effects between

- Use of ascending and descending to get information from both

- One pair ascending, one pair descending required

System Scenar io Acquisition Mod es Polarizat ion Modes Incid ence Angle Comments / Descr ibed Results / Utility

Area Elevation Derivat ion

CO SMO -SkyMed

DEM from InSAR

Both HImage (HI) and Spotlight-2modes(S2) can be used.

Depending on the working scenario morethan one couple may be required

HH or VVIncidence Angle Range: 20 -35

- Image pairs in complex data format required (SCS product).

- Same incidence angle, orbit and polarization required for each

series

- Applicability may be restricted in function of the working scenario

images acquisitions)

possible observation directions

DEM from stereo pairs(Radargrammetry)

HImage (HI) and Spotlight-2 (S2)depending on the required scale

HH or VV Full performance range

- Data pair acquired at different incidence angles

- Disparity angles between 15 and 25 recommended

- Small temporal offset will reduce the occurring of changes over the

area of interest

- For best results, minimize temporal offset

- Angular separation of at least 15 recommended

System Scenar io Acquisition Modes Polarizat ion Modes Incidence Angle Comments / Descr ibed Results / Utility

RADARSAT

1 & 2

DEM from InSAR UW, U, or SLAAll polarizations, but same within one imagestack

Incidence Angle Range: 20 - 45

- Imagery must be in complex data format.

- The image stack could be as small as two images however more

images results in better DEM accuracy.

- Same incidence angle, orbit (i.e. 24 days apart) and polarization

required.

- Applicability restricted by vegetation cover and atmospheric effects.

- HH polarization preferred.

- Lower resolution beam modes cover a larger area

DEM from stereo pairs

(Radargrammetry)

MFW, MF, UW, or U depending onvertical resolution

Single Pol.

HH generally preferred

We recommend an incidence angleof 30 or more and a minimumangular separation of at least 15

- Two stereo pairs, each pair viewing from different sides of theterrain

- For best results, minimize temporal offset.

- Lower resolution beam modes cover a larger area

Disaster Assessment

Steeper incidence angles may be

morphology and target type

a pre-event imagery also from optical satellites.

- Ascending and descending orbits required may improve results

to moderate wind conditions HH polarization allow better

land.

Baseline Subset Approach)

- Importance of appropriate orbit direction depending on local

number of images for moderately coherent areas.

- PSI with or without artificial corner reflectors, depending on the

System Scenar io Acquisition Modes Polarizat ion Modes Incidence Angle Comments / Descr ibed Results / Utility

CO SMO-SkyMed

Risk and vulnerability assessment

(Pre-disaster)

All modes depending on the requiredcoverage and spatial accuracy. The usageof short term interferometric couple or

series (one, three, four days) is suggestedin order to improve feature extractioncapability

Single pol. (HH or VV)

30 - 45

required in function of surface

(volume / shape)

- Monitoring of the area of interest

EarthquakesMainly HImage (HI) and Spotlight-2 (S2)

modes

Single pol. HH or VV

(mainly based on the

availability of a pre-

event image)

30 - 40 depending on the damage

assessment method used

- At near real-time conditions visual assessment of the damages using

- Long term monitoring using persistent scatterer Interferometry

techniques or Differential Interferometry.

FloodingAll modes depending on the required

coverage

Single pol. HH shows

higher contrast betweenwater and land surfaces

Full performance range (first

acquisition available) (>30 preferred)

- Choice of polarization is based on backscattering analysis. On low

discrimination between the flood (calm water) and the surrounding

Landslides and unstable slopesHImage (HI) and Spotlight-2 modes (SL

and HS)Single pol HH

full performance range depends on

the AOI location (flat/hilly terrain)

- Method: PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry), SBAS (Short

- Long-term time series with large number of acquisitions necessary,

especially for moderately coherent areas.

terrain.

- Ascending or descending orbit, depending on slope exposition.

- Result: time series of movements; unit: mm per year.

VolcanoesHImage (HI) and Spotlight-2 modes (SL

and HS)Single pol. (HH or VV)

20 -35 depending on morphologyand implemented technique

- At near real-time conditions, visual assessment of the damages

using a pre-event imagery also from optical sensors.

- Long term observation with high sampling rate using PSI. Large

- Result: time series of movement, unit: mm, cm, per year.

Vertical displacement or

subsidence of infrastructure

HImage (HI), Spotlight-2 modes (SL and

HS) Single pol. (HH or VV) Steep incidence angle

- Differential Interferometry in area with high phase coherence.

considered AOI.

- Result: time series of movement; unit: mm, cm or dm per year

Disaster Assessment

the paths used by refugees.

- The usage of RGB false color composite made by both short term

50 ).

persistent scatterer Interferometry techniques or Interferogram

System Scenar io Acquisition Mod es Polarizat ion Modes Incidence Angle Comments / Descr ibed Results / Utility

Planning and management of

search and rescue operations

Spotlight-2 modes (SL and HS) and

StripMap (HI). The usage of short term

interferometric couple or series (one, three,

four days) is suggested in order to improve

feature extraction capability

Single polarization –

choice to be made

depending on the

considered application

30 - 45

Steeper incidence angles may be

required in function of surface

morphology and target type

(volume / shape)

- Mapping of the damaged urban and rural zones highlighting access.

- Mapping of the safe zones where refugee camps can be built.

- Coherent Change Detection can in desert area help in identifying

- Ascending and descending orbits depending on terrain slopes

and long term interferometric couple (R: master SAR-detected

amplitude, G: slave SAR-detected amplitude, B: interferometriccoherence) will improve both targets and changes detection andidentification

RADARSAT

1 & 2

Risk and vulnerability assessment

(pre-disaster)

All modes depending on the requiredcoverage and spatial accuracy

Dual pol provides best

overall results

Single Pol. HH for best

contrast of vegetationversus man-madeobjects

Single Pol. VV for

texture

Cross Pol. for specificvegetation types

Steep angles to penetrate sparsevegetation (close to 20 ); shallow

angles for information about vegetation and terrain (close to

- Monitoring of the area of interest

EarthquakesMFW, MF, UW, U, or SLA depending on

size of features and area coverageSingle Pol. HH

30 - 50 depending on the damage

assessment method used

- Deformation estimation based on Interferometric SAR (InSAR)

Analysis

- At near real-time conditions visual assessment of the damages using

a pre-event imagery also from optical satellites.

- Long term monitoring using differential interferometry and/or

stacking. High observation frequency, if possible, short observation

period.

- Ascending and descending orbits required.

- Unit: cm to dm per day or event

Disaster Assessment

to moderate wind conditions HH polarization allow better

land.

- Water under vegetation cover not found (e.g. mangroves, other

- Compare against archived scene to derive flood vectors.

context

- Importance of appropriate orbit direction depending on local

accuracy.

considered AOI.

moderately coherent areas.

System Scenar io Acquisition Modes Polarizat ion Modes Incidence Angle Comments / Descr ibed Results / Utility

Flooding

All modes depending on the required

coverage (SCW, SCN, W, S or FWrecommended for large AOIs)

Dual pol (HH/HV)provides best overall results, gives complete

picture (e.g., floodedvegetation areas, nearrange flooding) with

improved contrast fordetecting flooded areas

HV is a good choice for

land-water discrimi-

nation especially for

small incidence angles

(< 30 ).

> 30 preferred

- Choice of polarization is based on backscattering analysis. On low

discrimination between the flood (calm water) and the surrounding

- Rough surfaces may cause misinterpretation of water as vegetation.

flooded vegetation).

- Overlay flood vectors over archived optical image to provide

Landslides and unstable slopes UW, U, or SLA Single pol HHFull performance range depends on

the AOI location (flat/hilly terrain)

- Method: InSAR

- Long term time series with large number of acquisitions necessary,

especially for moderately coherent areas.

terrain.

- Ascending or descending orbit, depending on slope exposition.

- Result: time series of movements; unit: mm to cm per year.

Volcanoes UW, U, or SLA Single Pol. HH Steep incidence angle (20 - 30 )

- RADAR is useful for imaging through ash clouds during eruptions.

- Long term observation with high sampling rate using InSAR to

monitor bulge development. Adding corner reflectors improves

- Result: time series of movement

- Measurements in the mm to cm per year range

Vertical displacement orsubsidence of infrastructure

F, S, MF, MFW, UW, U, or SLA Single Pol. HH

Flat areas 30 - 50 degrees

For hilly areas, beam should followdirection of movement

- Differential Interferometry in area with high phase coherence.

- InSAR with or without artificial corner reflectors, depending on the

- Long term observation with large number of images, especially in

- Result: time series of movement

- Measurements in the mm to cm per year range

Disaster Assessment

the paths used by refugees.

- FW and UW offer wider coverage at lower resolution which may be

System Scenar io Acquisition Modes Polarizat ion Modes Incidence Angle Comments / Descr ibed Results / Utility

Planning and management ofsearch and rescue operations

FW, UW, U, or SLA

Single polarization –choice to be made

depending on theconsidered application

Shallow incidence angle (> 35 )

- Mapping of the damaged urban and rural zones highlighting access.

- Mapping of the safe zones where refugee camps can be built.

- Coherent Change Detection can in desert area help in identifying

- Ascending and descending orbits depending on terrain slopes.

required depending on the situation.

Spatial Resolution (X Band R adar): Spotlight-2 1m (S2), HImage 3m-5m (HI), ScanSAR Wide (WR) 30m, ScanSAR Huge (HR) 100m

n Spatial Resolution (C Band R adar): Spotlight A 1m (SLA), Ultra-Fine 3m (U), Wide Ultra-Fine 3m (UW), Multi-Look Fine 8m (MF), Wide Multi-Look Fine 8m (MFW), Fine 8m (F), Wide Fine 8m (FW),

Standard 25m (S), Wide 30m (W), ScanSAR Narrow 50m (SCN), ScanSAR Wide 100m (SCW), Extended High 25m (EH), Extended Low 25m (EL), Fine Quad-Pol 8m (FQ), Wide Fine Quad-Pol 8m (FQW), Standard Quad-Pol

25m (SQ), Wide Standard Quad-Pol 25m (SQW)

CO SMO -SkyMed Mean

RADARSAT Mea

Contact Information

User Service and Business Development Office

Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency

(Public Organization)

E-mail: userservice@gistda.or.th

www.gistda.or.th