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A history of the development of light fixtures.
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Traditional Lightingby Susan PhillipsOctober 23, 2004
“Nothing new underThe sun.”
Ecclesiastes 1:9
Daylight
• The Pantheon
• 120 AD by Hadrian
Oil Lamps
• Pan lamps
• One of the earliestlights
Oil Pendant Lamps
• Roman Pendant
• Central oil font
• More wicks increased
brightness
Oil Lamps
• Argand Lamp
• New technology by
Antoine Lavoisier
in 1770
• Better light output
• More control
Whale Oil Lamps
• Used 1789-1865
• Oval or inverted pear
oil font
(Paraffin) Kerosene Lamp
• Used 1854-1930
• Squat-shaped oil
font
Colza Oil Lamp
• Used 1783-1859
• Squat-shaped oil
font
• Student lamp style
still in use as electric
Gas Lamp
• Used 1817-1920
• Gas valve
• Coal gas was produced
in the cities
• Could damage interiors
with heat
Gas Lighting
• Used in industry
• Used in exterior lighting
Gas/Electric Lighting
• First fixtures combination
or gas to electric conversion
• Gas lamps up, electric down
Candles• Rushlights were the first• Split rush dipped in fat• Burned quickly• Used 600 BC-1400s AD
Candles• Tallow candles 500 AD• Used by the poor
• Wax candles used by
wealthy• Poor had few, dim interior• Rich had many, brighter• Crystals reflected light
Candles• Saltram House, Devon• The Adam Saloon• The Morning Room• All candlelit as in the
days of George II.• Pendants at ladder
height or lowered
by pulley
Example of smaller home• One lamp• Less illumination as
Doctor tends patient
Examples of reproduction
period fixtures
by Rejuvenation
1890s to 1950
Early Eclectic/Victorian
• “Oregon City”
• Gas style Victorian
• More ornate
Early Eclectic/VictorianExample: Astoria Lamp
• Gas/electric style
• Late Victorian
Early 1900s
• Early simple pendant
• Cloth-covered cord
• 1890 reproduction
Edison 40 watt bulb
1910English/Tudor Style
1900-1925Mission Style
1900-1940Colonial Revival Style
1900-1940Colonial Revival or
Craftsman Style
1920 - 1950Porcelain Art Deco
•“Sanitary” bath & kitchen fixture
•Knob switch
•Porcelain was popular even after WWII.
•Combined Art Deco & Streamline Styling
1930-1950Art Deco
•Slipper shade fixture
•Suitable for dining, living and bedrooms
Mid-Late 1930sStreamline or Machine age
•Hollywood Indirect lamp influence
•Typical lamp names of that era:
•Glolite•Tranquilite•Reflecto Light
The traditional fixture forms used from the
Romans to the Machine Age are still used today to
beautify and brighten homes.