Simone Braun, Claudiu Schora,

Valentin Zacharias

Semantics to the Bookmarks: A Review of Social Semantic

BookmarkingSystems

This Presentation

• Goal: An overview of the state of the art in Social Semantic Bookmarking

• Part 1: Introducing Social Semantic Bookmarking

• Part 2: Social Semantic Bookmarking Systems

• Part 3: Some Important Differentiating Dimensions

Part 1:Introducing Social

Semantic Bookmarking

• Part 1.1: Social Bookmarking Systems

• Part 1.2: Semantic Annotation Systems

• Part 1.3:Social Semantic Bookmarking

Social Bookmarking, Definition• Bookmark:

Manually created reference to (internet) content deemed interesting

• (Linguistic) Tag: Arbitrary keyword assigned to an entity (e.g. bookmark) to aid in management and retrieval

• Social Bookmarking Site:Website facilitating discovery of interesting content & persons through shared tags and bookmarks

Social Bookmarking – Advantages & Disadvantages

• Advantages: Lightweight, easy to use, adaptable, no setup, proven – used by millions of users.

• Disadvantages: – Lack of precision due to (Mis-)Spelling,

Polysemy, Homonymy– Lack of recall due to Multilingualism,

Synonymy, Basic Level Phenomena

Semantic Annotation, Definition

• Annotation:

An addition made to an entity to aid management, retrieval etc.

• Semantic Annotation:

An annotation done using a term described with some background knowledge – (usually contained in an ontology)

– e.g. its relation to other terms

Ont

oMat

Semantic Annotation – Advantages & Disadvantages

• Advantages:– Better Retrieval due to explicitly represented

concept relations improving query and browse functionality

– Better Use Of Annotation due to standardized languages and machine understandable annotations allow for better interoperability between systems

Semantic Annotation – Advantages & Disadvantages

• Disadvantages:– High Cost: Ontologies are usually created by highly

paid knowledge engineers that also first need to learn about the domain

– Low Appropriateness due to the technical, personal and temporal separation between creation and use of ontologyheavyweight processlarge upfront investment high time lack between concept emergence and

inclusion in ontologyerrors due to limited domain understanding of

knowledge engineers

Social Bookmarking vs. Semantic Annotation

• Social Bookmarking lacks semantic precision and recall

• Semantic Annotation stumbles because of the separation between creation and use of the semantic model

• Social Semantic Bookmarking combines the advantages of both while avoiding the problems

Social Semantic Bookmarking

Combines these paradigms

• by allowing lightweight and social organization of bookmarks

• with tags extended by semantic definitions and descriptions

• that also evolve (collaboratively) within the same system

• BibSonomy

• SOBOLEO

• Fuzzzy

• GroupMe

• Twine

Part 2:Social Semantic

Bookmarking Systems

• ZigTag

• Faviki

• gnizr

• Annotea

BibSonomy

• System for the management of internet resources and publication entries, tailored towards academics

• Created by the University Kassel

• Extends the tag model with relations between tags

Try it at:http://www.bibsonomy.org/ No Installation

SOBOLEO

• SOBOLEO: SOcial BOokmarking and Lightweight Engineering of Ontologies

• Social Semantic Bookmarking System created by FZI

• Allows simple tags but also concepts with multiple labels, relations etc.

• Supports a community of practice in the joint structuring of a domain.

Try it at:http://tool.soboleo.com/No Registration, No Installation

Fuzzzy

• Manages bookmarks of internet resources, ISBN numbers, media files and geographic locations

• Developed at the University of Oslo

• Allows a large number of relations between tags

• Unique in that it allows voting on all aspects of the semantic model to facilitate gardening Try it at:

http://www.fuzzzy.com No Installation

GroupMe!

• Bookmarking of web resources with ‘tag groups’ as additional structure

• Created by the University of Hannover

• Additional focus on making bookmarks of multimedia resources more easily accessible

Try it at:http://groupme.org/No Installation

Twine

• Organizing and sharing of bookmarks of web pages, images, videos, products and books

• Commercial product developed by Radar Networks

• Main ordering principle “Twine” – kind of user interest group. Tags related through use in same Twine

• Extensive use of automatic classification to reduce tagging effort Try it at:

http://www.twine.com No Installation

ZigTag

• Organizes bookmarks of internet resources

• Commercially run by a small Canadian company

• Allows the users to choose from a given list of tags (‘ZigTags’) with a specific meaning

• Sets ‘ZigTags’ automatically into relationTry it at:

http://www.zigtag.com No Installation

Faviki

• Manages bookmarks of internet resources

• Developed by Serbian Web designer Vuc Milicic

• Unique in that it relies on Wikipedia articles as tags

• Uses DBpedia to support multilinguality Try it at:

http://www.faviki.com No Installation

Part 3:(Some) Important

Differentiating Dimensions

• Part 3.1: Tag Relations

• Part 3.2: Semantic Consistency

• Part 3.3: Use of Semantics

• Part 3.4: Export & Interoperability

Tag Relations

• All analyzed systems provide support for relations between tags

• Only SOBOLEO, Fuzzzy and BibSonomy allow explicitly user created relations

• For Twine and GroupMe! tag relations are indirectly affected by users creating collections

Semantic Consistency

• Structure is local, i.e. only usable bythe user that created it (BibSonomy)

• Global structure is maintainedcollectively according to Wiki principle (SOBOLEO, Fuzzzy)

• Global structure is only indirectlycomputed from user actions(GroupMe!, Twine)

• Global structure is imported or onlyedited by administrators (ZigTag, Faviki)

Use of Semantics

• Additional semantics is mainly used to support tag-based navigation

• As far as we know, no inferencing engine is used

• Integrating semantics into keyword based search is an area of current active development (e.g. Faviki, SOBOLEO, Twine)

Export & Interoperability

• Data Exchange and Interoperability main promise of Semantic (Web) Technologies

• All systems support some kind of export functionality, but varied and incompatible formats (BURST, SWRC, XTM, DCMI, SKOS, SCOT ..)

• Promise of interoperability currently not realized, but active area with CommonTag as format that could make interoperability possible

Summary

• Social Semantic Bookmarking Systems combine Social Bookmarking and SemanticAnnotation – by allowing lightweight, flexible annotation

– but also more complex and formal description of tags

– wich evolve (collaboratively) within the same system

Summary

• At least seven such systems are actively developed: BibSonomy, SOBOLEO, Fuzzzy, GroupMe!, Twine, ZigTag and Faviki

• Import differentiating dimension and areas of current development are:– kind of relations

– edit scopes

– the use of the semantics

– export formats

Thank you for your Attention !

SOBOLEO demo at 3:40 pm at MATURE project booth ortry SOBOLEO at:http://tool.soboleo.com/No Registration, No Installation

• Simone Braun(braun@fzi.de)

• Claudiu Schora(Claudiu.Schora@fzi.de)

• Valentin Zacharias (zach@fzi.de)