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Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3
TASK 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 4
LO 1 Understand the rationale for planning in the travel and tourism industry .................... 4
P1.1 Discuss how stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments with
reference to a current case study. ........................................................................................ 4
P 1.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning
partnerships drawing on the chosen case study .................................................................. 6
TASK 2 ...................................................................................................................................... 7
LO 2. Understand different approaches to tourism planning and development ........................ 8
2.1 Analyse features of tourism development planning at different levels for London
Olympiad ............................................................................................................................ 8
2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
developments for London Olympiad .................................................................................. 9
2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to
Olympiad .......................................................................................................................... 10
TASK 3 .................................................................................................................................... 11
LO 3. Understand the need for planning for sustainable tourism ........................................ 11
3.1 Justify the introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development with
reference to London Olympics ......................................................................................... 11
.......................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Analyse factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development for London
Olympiad .......................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability.......................................... 13
TASK 4 .................................................................................................................................... 14
LO 4. Understand current issues related to tourism development planning and development
.............................................................................................................................................. 14
P4.1 Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing
of a developing tourism destination with reference to the above scenario ....................... 14
P4.2 Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand ..................................... 15
P4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism ........................................ 17
Task 5 ....................................................................................................................................... 18
P5. Understand the socio-cultural, environmental and economic impacts of tourism in
developing countries and emerging destinations ..................................................................... 18
P5.1 - Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing
country and an emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different for the
chosen destination. ............................................................................................................... 18
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 22
References ............................................................................................................................ 22
Introduction
This assignment has the main focus on the case study of the London Olympiad that how they
achieved the sustainable tourism. The public private partnership gets the various benefits
from the London Olympiad. They face various difficulties for development of the tourism
sector. There is various measures which they have to take for preventing the effect upon the
London Olympiad.
TASK 1
LO 1 Understand the rationale for planning in the travel and tourism industry
P1.1 Discuss how stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments with
reference to a current case study.
Stakeholders are any individual, any group or any organization which have interest in any
organisation. The stakeholders are the employees, directors, owners, shareholders,
governments, creditors, suppliers, and community etc. They are affected by the organization
and organization is also affected by the stakeholders. Stakeholders in the organisation are not
equal.
There are two types of stakeholders in the organisation. These are:
1. Primary stakeholders
2. Secondary stakeholders
Planning: It is the process of setting the goal and developed the strategy for achieving the
goal. It is the multidimensional activity which has to be integrated. It includes all the social,
political, economical and technological factor which is related to the past, present and future.
The various numbers of concepts for planning are the:
1. Make planning for the development of economy.
2. Planning for the use of the land.
3. Planning for construction of the infrastructure.
4. Planning for the region and urban development.
Process of planning
1. First individual have to make a goal or an objective for achieving.
2. Make strategy for achieving the goal.
3. The means which are required should be arranged or maintained.
4. Implemented all these in proper manner.
Approaches for planning
Proactive stance: it helps in securing the path and it required the deep understanding
about the economy, limitations and other factors which are necessary.
Chaos theory: This theory is also included the different internal and external
variables.
Tourism planning
There should be a proper planning or objective which is achieved by the tourism
industry for the development of the tourism industry.
There should be proper policy which help as the guidance and help in taking the
decision.
There should be properly arrangements of the policy which reflect the different kinds
of graphic representations and other text.
Planning in tourism
If any stakeholders make properly plan then they will achieve the target which helps
in the development of the industry and grow faster.
Stakeholders should have to make the strategy for the development of the travel
industry.
Stakeholders should have to focus on the supply and demand of the tourism
Success
If stakeholders make planning for the tourism sector then it will help in the economic
development and community will also developed.
Marketing
Site planning
Resources are properly utilized with the planning.
Objectives of the tourism sector
1. The first objective is that tourist satisfaction.
2. Second is make improvement and development in the economy.
3. Make full and proper utilisation of the resources.
4. Last and most important objective of the tourism industry is development the social
and economic life of the individual.
5. Make optimum utilisation of the resources for achieving the objective of the
environmental protection.
6. Maintained the cultural and natural resources. (Sautter, and Leisen, 1999)
Tourism is the world’s largest fastest industry which helps in the development of the
economy. Research is stated that the benefits from the tourism are equally distributed among
the stakeholders. The Key benefits which get by the stakeholders from the host of the
Olympic Games in London in 2012 are:
1. The tourism sector is grow and also increased in the additional revenue with £ 610m
which government was provided and they are provided for the investment £103m.
2. Job opportunity has been given to the job seekers is nearly about 3000.
3. The wide benefit is the tourism has been increased and other economic and sports
facility is increased.
4. Stakeholders provide the assistance to the stakeholders.
5. The foreign revenue of the country has been raised.
6. Tourism sector play important role and give highest GDP in the 2012 as comparison
with other country.
P 1.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism
planning partnerships drawing on the chosen case study
Advantages of public/private sector tourism planning partnership are:
1. The non-renewable resources are properly utilized and help in preventing the
exploitations of the resources.
2. Tourism is regulated by the government regulation and private have the short terms
interest.
3. Both private and public sector tourism partnership will overcome and face the finance
shortages. Private organisation has the profit from the government supported strategy
which helps them in raising the capital and through the professional management
public institutions can earn profit from them.
4. Public institution is needed to have the knowledge about the microeconomic motives
of the market place because without knowledge the tourism sector cannot develop
easily.
5. Professionalism and productivity is increased due to the co-operation made between
them.
6. Cheap: public institution make use of the PPPs instrument which helps in reducing the
cost and it will be more cheap and more efficiently used by the private enterprise and
also analyses the statistical data of the tourism industry.
Disadvantages
1. The resources are overused which have the result of harming the nature.
2. The contract between the PPPs is the long term contract.
3. Each partner should know about the future plan of the business.
4. Make investment in the tourism destination must have good quality standard for both
tourist and other residents.
TASK 2
LO 2. Understand different approaches to tourism planning and development
2.1 Analyse features of tourism development planning at different levels for London
Olympiad
The tourism development planning is made in this way that the goal of the London Olympics
was achieved. The success of every event is depending upon the development planning.
London Olympiad makes their planning in such a way that tourist who visit at the London
Olympiad feels safe and secure. Tourist feels comfortable and secure when they visit they
enjoy much. There are three different level of the tourist.
1. National level: In the development planning for tourism at the national level is
necessary that the management should coordinate with each other or the large regions
of the country should cooperated with each other and achieved the target. it mainly
covers the development of the policy related to the tourism sector, make standard and
institutions. The planning is made for within the country and at the London Olympiad
the people of the London was treated the foreigners as they are the people of their
country. They are not discriminated at any level.
2. International level: the tourism development plan is made at the international level at
the big platform. In London Olympiad large numbers of people was visited at the
London for the London Olympiad. The tourism industry and market industry make
the development planning at the international level so that the visitors are feeling
happy and cosy. They feel secured.
3. Facility or at the site level: in this people make the development planning at the site
level in which they provide the necessary infrastructure. Make planning for the
transportation, hotels accommodations, restaurants and other things which are
necessary for the visitors.
2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
developments for London Olympiad
Interactive planning is that in which main focus on the creating the future and designed he
present. It is one another type of the planning for instance reactive planning, proactive
planning and inactive planning. (Rao, 2013)
Interactive planning is more focusing on the present. It is based on the belief that they will get
more and more in future if they done something good in the present. There are three main
characteristics of the interactive planning are:
1. In interactive planning organisation has to work in present for the better future.
2. It is the continuous process.
3. In this stakeholders are also involved.
Interactive planning is the most important part in the London Olympics because it is held at
the international level in which numbers of countries are take part in the games. It is the
reputation of the London that they have to organise in such a way that all country which are
participating will be happy. Participants and tourist feel secure. So for this interactive
planning is needed without interactive planning it was difficult for the London to achieve this
target. (Rao, 2013)
Need of interactive planning process in the London Olympics
Interactive planning is need for segmented the market in to various groups and sub-
groups.
It is necessary that tourism industry has to set all the things for the visitors.
Interactive planning is help in the development of the market and also stated the need
for the tourist.
It helps in manufacturing and developing the goods and services for the specific
market through which they achieve the goal.
Interactive planning help in maintaining the proper safety and security in London for
the tourist.
Other facilities are also planned according with the interactive planning for achieving
the objective of the London Olympics. (Rao, 2013).
2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to
Olympiad
Different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to Olympiad are:
1. Environment measures: In many countries they spend their money on the (EIA)
activities. EIA is the Environmental Impact Assessment which helps in measuring the
effect environment activities on tourism Form this any future risk and ecological
imbalances is avoided and it also give compensation for any damages which is caused
due to the nature. (Dwyer, Forsyth, 2010)
2. Social measures: social measure is also help in the measuring socio-economic
effects on the economic on tourism. It is observed and it is the qualitative and
subjective in nature. (Dwyer, Forsyth, 2010)
3. Economic measures: economic measure is also one of the important measures which
help in measuring the effect on the tourism of the economic. In modern world it is
necessary that there should be advancement in the tourism study. The main effect is
laid upon the finance of the country. Tourism gives number of benefits to the country
by providing the employment, tax benefits, business and other.
TASK 3
LO 3. Understand the need for planning for sustainable tourism
3.1 Justify the introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development with
reference to London Olympics
Sustainable development is that which guides and managed the planning in all forms of the
tourism regarding destination, mass tourism etc. it helps in the development in the field of
environment, and wildlife, economic, social, and cultural and it helps in maintain the
ecological balances.
These provide the long terms sustainability in the tourism sector. These are mentioned below.
It helps in maintain the ecological balances by proper utilisation of the resources
which is the main essential in protecting the cultural heritage and biodiversity.
Tourism should have to respect the socio-cultural authenticity. They have to conserve
and protect the cultural heritage and our traditional values.
It also gives the benefits to the stakeholders by giving equal opportunity in
employment sector and also provides the social services.
Making the tourism green and established the environmental management system.
Reduces the waste.
Cultural awareness
Lifestyle
Education
It helps in economic sustainability through the enclave tourism, by increasing the
income, increasing the foreign exchange, provide jobs, leakage etc.
In relation with the Olympics game the “triple bottom line” is applied. It helps in the
developing the strategy in related with the sustainable tourism and also with the corporate
social responsibility. In London Olympiad 2012 large number of tourist are visit at London
and thus they have more focus on the cleanliness. Country makes proper utilisation for
resources and saved for the future. More and more tourist in London Olympiad is staying in
the hotels which are nearby the stadium which helps in reducing the air pollution by saving
fuel. These are some factors which help in making the sustainability in London Olympiad.
[Weaver, D. (2007)]
3.2 Analyse factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development for
London Olympiad
There are many factors which are helping in preventing the sustainable tourism development
in the London Olympiad. Sustainable tourism development helps in using the resources in
best possible manner. The resources which are used for the tourism are well planned and used
as according with the planning which meets the need of the tourist because every tourist has
their own requirement so it is also necessary for the country that they fulfil the needs of every
tourist as per their requirement. The entire tourist in London Olympiad used the resources as
their need and within their limits which helps in sustaining the tourism development in the
country. In the London Olympiad there are various important and repudiated person was
came and attended the event which used the resources beyond their limits. There are various
other points which are also necessary for sustaining. It helps in misusing the resources by the
tourist.
• Make proper utilisation of resources in their own limit.
• Resources are used in manners which are also saved for the future.
• Tourist has not waste the resources which are available and also avoid the use of
resources and complete their work without using resources.
• Some people are staying at the walking distance of the stadium which helps in
reducing the air pollution and also saved the resources.
• There are various resources which are already wasted in the welcoming of the very
repudiated and VIP guests.
3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability
There are various stages in making the sustainability development planning in the tourism
sector in London Olympiad.
1. Local government: local government play an important role in the sustaining the
planning. They made a major contribution in making the sustainable planning. They
help in making the planning for the tourist in relation how the resources are used in
best possible manner and how the work is done.
2. Tourism operators: the travel operators are responsible for operating the tourism
sector. They have to make plan for the tourist in relation with the use of resources and
fulfil teh need of the tourist during the travelling but it is largely depend on the people
how they utilise the resources.
3. Tourism organization: it is the body which has the main focus on the sustainable
tourism. These organisations provide the different benefits and holiday packages to
the tourist. They make plan for the tourist through whom people feel easy and
comfortable. They change their tourist policy according to the needs of the tourist.
4. Tourism business: they have also focus on the sustainable tourism development.
[Harris, R., Williams, P., Griffin, T. (2002)]
TASK 4
LO 4. Understand current issues related to tourism development planning and
development
P4.1 Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing
of a developing tourism destination with reference to the above scenario
“Casa de Campo is the resort which is located in the LA Romania on south east coast of the
Dominican Republic”. It covered the 7,000 acre land and it is established by the some sugar
mills. Tourism industry is not easily accepted the sustainability. It is one of the major
challenging tasks. There are different kinds of conflict of interest in this case study which are
mentioned below and they are try to maintain all these things. (Fanjulbrothers, 2015)
1. It held between the local stakeholders. They have various and different kind of
opportunity and have different interest. The government is usually made the planning
and application of sustainability is done at the local level. conflict of interest is arise
through :
Benefits which is distributed among them
Resource
Short term V long term planning.
2. In enclave tourism
3. There are various moral and ethical issues.
4. Economic, social and environmental issues.
5. Demand and supply
The host guest relationship are the local industries, social life, arts, handicrafts, preservation
of cultural heritage.
Acculturation: it is that in which the ideas of the two cultures are exchange with each other.
Merits
It makes contribution in the income of local people.
Raising the standard of living
Provide employment
Tax and government revenue are increased.
Demerits
Largely depend on tourist.
Urbanization
The price of the goods and service are increased
Seasonal
Effect on environment
1. It is necessary that people are well aware for protecting the environment.
2. Create global awareness among the people.
3. Reducing the waste
4. Preserved the culture and historical place.
5. Preserved the water
P4.2 Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand
The producer of the Campo has the need to maintain the balance between the demand and
supply. There is need for maintaining the balance between them by the manufacturer of the
product. The local people of the Campo are busy in occupational and face the various
problems.
Demand is the quantity of the product or services which is desired by the purchaser. People
demand the quantity as much they want and at the certain price on which they can afford.
The relation between the price and quantity demand is the demand relationship.
Demand for tourism is that in which the number of people who want to travel from their
place to another place by using the tourism industry facility.
Demand for tourism
1. The tourism industry has been increased due to the demand has been increased in the
country. Thus the tourism industry is re-shaped due to the different opportunity which
is provided.
2. Opportunity is the blend of the attractions.
3. For the success of the tourism it is necessary that product quality must be goods and
better.
Main features of the demand for tourism are:
Depend upon the season
Market Competition
Consumption of the product
Elasticity
There are four main types of demand are:
1. Actual demand is that in which people are travelling at a fixed time.
2. Potential demand is that in which people are travel when they are get motivated.
3. Deferred demand is that in which people are travel on their own wish but are not
travel due to any reason.
4. Suppressed demand is that in which some people are not interested in travelling.
Tourism supply
Tourism supply is that in which the goods and services are supplied and bought by visitors.
Tourism supply helps in making changes in the supply demand.
Supply
Resources are supply at the tourist place which are manmade or natural.
Infrastructure is also provided which includes the transport, communication etc.
Various services related to the tourism like tourist companies, offices etc.
There are various suppliers in tourism sector like transport, building, and food
services. Etc.
The operators which are joined with the Casa de Campo are also helping in maintain the
balance between the demand supplies.
1. In last 10 years the domiciled people ratio is also increased around 27%.
2. Middle class people are increased by triple as they are 200000 in 2000 and they are
increased by 600000 in 2010. (IBP, 2002)
P4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism
Before 1990 German reunification in the political geography enclave tourism is the piece of
land which is covered by the West Berlin. It is located in the tropical, coastal area. It is the
tourism holiday in the resort in which various activities are offered for the tourist like
swimming, scuba diving, tennis courses, club etc. When tourist are stay at the same cruise,
ship or any resort or hotel where they are provided with the various facility by spending the
money and this give less profit for the local people from the tourism. There are various hotels
which are constructed with the large expenditure but they are affected by the smaller per
dollar of revenue. Some people are employed in the hotels which are also effect upon the
local economy. The ship and cruise industry are also known example of the economic
enclave tourism. There are various ships in which there are restricted that they have to spend
the money and time on board.
Moral and ethical issues which are faced by the tourism at the Casa de Campo are:
1. The local people did not get more befit form the tourism because tourists are restricted
and they have to purchase the goods from the cruise.
2. Various sexually transmitted diseases is also increased due to the tourist.
3. Violence has been increased.
4. Prostitution has been increased in women and Children are which increased the crime
in the campo.
5. Environmental issues. (Fuller, 1999)
Task 5
P5. Understand the socio-cultural, environmental and economic impacts of tourism in
developing countries and emerging destinations
P5.1 - Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing
country and an emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different for the
chosen destination.
Tourism is effect largely on the:
1. Environment
2. Socio-cultural
3. Economic
4. Management of Tourism industry
Economic impact
It provides the employment to the people of the country.
It helps in increasing the income
It will increased the foreign exchange
Make balance of payment
It helps in the development of the private sector
Leakage in the economic
Get the management of the foreign ownership
Price of the product is raised
Make dependent
Inflation
Socio-cultural effect
It changes the society
Changed the values and culture of the society.
Increased the crime and gambling
Raising the standard of living
Culture is commercialised
Destruct the cultural heritage
Environmental effect
It degrades the land and soil erosion.
Increase the air, water and land pollution.
Degraded the infrastructure
Preserved the national parks and other environment.
Makes improvement in preserving the environment.
Tourism area lifecycle have different phases which are mentioned below.
1. Exploration: In this new product for the tourist are manufactured.
2. Involvement: identify the season in which the tourist are come and count the number
of visitors.
3. Development: For the continuation development it is necessary that they take the fund
from the public policy and make investment.
4. Consolidation: The numbers of visitors is increased and provide the services to the
tourist by the large international firms.
5. Stagnation: it is very difficult to take the decision. The tourist is attracted by the
facility.
Developing, developed and destinations
The business at the international level is based on the economics and development of
industry. Both developing and emerging countries are different from each other. The main
difference is that emerging nations are grow faster and at the economic stage they are play
very important role and are more important. And developing country is those which are
developing and they take help from the trade partners for the development in the world.
OECD, IMF and world bank has the power to decide the category in which it falls.
Developed countries are those which have more industries and provide the services. They
have the highest GDP per capita income. Advanced is the name of the developed countries.
Examples are UK, USA etc. developing countries have the high population and have low
standard of living.
I choose the Nepal for the examined the current issues related to the tourism development. It
has the beauty of mountains which are supported by the flora and fauna. There are various
hotels and resort which are available for the tourist and they are meeting the need of the
tourist at very affordable price. The issues which are normally arising normally in the
countries is the traffic which is the big issues in many countries because of the narrow roads,
due to the government management and various reasons. There are no good transport
networks. Terrorist attack is also one of the major causes and in many countries there is no
safe place. Nepal has the threat of the terrorist which is serious problem for the tourist as well
as for the people who are living in this country. Climate change is also one of the factors
which also major contribution of the greenhouse gases and which caused air pollution.
Tourists are face difficulty in finding the destination of the Nepal because there is no specific
infrastructure which helps them in easily identifying.
I compared with the developed country France which has the good transport facility and it is
the well developed country. There are various attractive places which attract the people of the
country and tourist. There are various natural beautiful aesthetics. Their language is the main
problem which is faced by the tourist when they visit because they used French language and
some people are known English. So it is the one of the big problem. The sign board are also
written in French and some thing is written in English. There is communication gap between
them. It is the very expensive place where tourist has to face difficulty in purchasing the
goods and services. Every tourist has no power to afford this expensive country. In the street
of the France there are various pick pocketing person. It is also not safe for the women during
late hours. (ANNUAL TOURISM REPORTING TEMPLATE, 2015).
P5.2 – Evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these chosen
destinations.
For improving the development of the tourism in Nepal and France is that Nepal government
should have to take the necessary step for the development of the Nepal.
1. Provide the good transport facility.
2. Better connectivity of the roads and highways.
3. Sanitation facility
4. Hotels and resort should be renovated according to the need of the tourist.
5. The pollution which has been increased due to the greenhouse gases should be
prevented.
6. The heritage and culture should be preserved.
In France
1. It is necessary that people also used the English language through which tourist can
communicate with the people of the France.
2. The sign board on the road should be in English or should be translated through which
tourist can understand.
3. The government should have to make the strict rules for the pick pocket criminals.
4. The government should appoint the guide for the tourist.
5. The price of the good should be less through which the tourist can purchase the goods.
(Shanker, 2015)
Conclusion
This report stated that there are various factors which prevented the sustainable. There are
various stage according to which tourism industry maintain sustainability. It also stated the
casa de campo method through which they solve their problem of the tourist destination.
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