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PGCE Art & Design
Moving Image Arts Module
Day 3 A.M. Session
Camera & Editing
Continuity Film-making
Robert Thompson
Who were the first film editors?
Video Study: Editing History
Note: Film history in MIA is about context (students are tested on creative technique, not history)
Editing History
•Early film-makers pessimistic about future
•Edison’s assistant, Edwin Porter, experiments with cutting film
•DW Griffith establishes a grammar of film
•Initially a technical role, Editors now partner creatively with directors
The Hollywood Factory System
What is continuity style (classical Hollywood style) film-making?
What was classical hollywood?
Video Study: Classical Hollywood
What are the elements of Classical Hollywood or Continuity film-making
•Invisible storytelling: Camera and sound never draw attention to themselves
•Match-on-action
•Time is continuous (except for Flashback)
•OTS (Over-the-shoulder shots)
•Eyeline match
•Visual Storytelling
•Cross-cutting
•POV (point-of-view)
Short Video Studies:
Visual Storytelling (Rear Window)
Cross-cutting: 1 (Strangers on a Train)
Cross-cutting: 2 (Silence of the lambs)
POV (Silence of the lambs)
Camera
1. Framing
2. Position
3. Movement
Camera Framing: Key Terms
Shot Type (ELS, LS, MS, MCU, CU, ECU)
Establishing Shot
Silhouette
Camera Movement: Key Terms
Tracking (Dolly)
Trombone shot (Dolly Zoom)
Steadicam Hand-held
Panning
Whip Cut: Uses whip motion as a transition
Subjective (Snorricam)
Camera Position – Key Terms
Low Angle OTS
Crane (God) Shot
High Angle
POV
Dutch Angle
Video Study 1: Zooming and Handheld Camera
•Barry Lyndon – Zoom
•Handheld 1 – Blair witch hunt
•Golden Rule – Camera should be on a tripod unless there is a reason for it not to be
•Editing – Great Expectations
Video Study 2: Goodfellas in production
Slomo
Freezeframe
Handheld camera
Some improvisation around script
Epic steadicam tracking shot (Entrance to nightclub)
Slow motion tracking shot (Jimmy Conway decides to murder)
Jump-cutting at wedding
Panning at wedding
Creating drug-induced confusion
Video Study 3: The Trombone Shot (dolly zoom)
•Zooming in from a distance will ‘flatten’ the field of view
•Zooming while tracking will keep the foreground subject a uniform size while the background subject will appear to grow
Video Study 4:
Camera FramingCamera MovementTrackingCrane Shot
Camera framing in The Third Man
Camera Movement in The Untouchables (Panning|Crane)
Tracking Shot (Klute)
Crane Shot/God Shot (Citizen Kane|Halloween|Raising Arizona|Highlander|Origins)
Video Study 5: The Steadicam
Summary: The most important camera & editingTechniques
FreezeframeTimelapseReverse shotFast/slow motionJump-cuttingKen Burns effectVideo ScratchTrackingJump-cutTrombone shotPanning/TiltingPOVOTSSteadicamCrane ShotLow Angle/High Angle