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Exeter Book Riddle 26
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
Exeter Cathedral Library 3501, folio 107r
Exeter Book Riddle 26
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
Exeter Cathedral Library 3501, folio 107r
Exeter Book Riddle 26
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
What is a manuscript?
• Latin manus = ‘hand’• Latin scriptus = ‘text, book’
A manuscript is a book written by hand.
Eadwine Psalter (12th century)
Parchment
• A writing material made from the skins of sheep, calves, or other animals
• Vellum = specifically parchment made from calf skin
(Latin vitellus = calf)
Exeter Book, folio 106v.
Wax tablet from Novgorod, Russia (11th c.)
wax writing tablet
Exeter Book Riddle 26
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
Exeter Book Riddle 26
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
“Hair and Flesh”
Exeter Book Riddle 26
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
“circulus”
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
‘lunellum’
Exeter Book Riddle 26
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
Exeter Book Riddle 26
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
quires or gatherings
Rowan Watson, Illuminated Manuscripts and their Makers
(London: V&A Publications, 2003), 63.
Why Are Books Shaped The Way They Are?
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted
me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground
away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over
me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
quills and reed pensAn enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted
me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground
away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over
me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
Hildebert and the pessime mus ‘wretched mouse’
Prague, Metropoloitan Library, A. XXI/1, folio 153v. (12th century)
An enemy came and took away my life
And my strength also in the world; then wetted me,
Dipped me in water; then took me thence;
Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair.
The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;
Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delight
With swift drops made frequent traces
Over the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dye
With a measure of liquid; travelling across me,
Left a dark track. A good man covered me
With protecting boards, with stretched skin over me;
Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smiths
Decorated me with strands of woven wire.
Now may the ornaments and the red dye
And the precious possessions everywhere honor
The Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly.
…Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
oak gallsAn enemy came and took away my life
And my strength also in the world; then wetted me,
Dipped me in water; then took me thence;
Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair.
The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;
Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delight
With swift drops made frequent traces
Over the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dye
With a measure of liquid; travelling across me,
Left a dark track. A good man covered me
With protecting boards, with stretched skin over me;
Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smiths
Decorated me with strands of woven wire.
Now may the ornaments and the red dye
And the precious possessions everywhere honor
The Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly.
…Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)Image taken from Christopher de Hamel, Medieval Craftsmen: Scribes and Illuminators (Toronto: University of Toronto Press,1992).
Christopher de Hamel, Medieval Craftsmen: Scribes and Illuminators (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992).
Book of Hours (circa. 1450). Photograph by Patrick Murphy.
An enemy came and took away my life
And my strength also in the world; then wetted me,
Dipped me in water; then took me thence;
Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair.
The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;
Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delight
With swift drops made frequent traces
Over the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dye
With a measure of liquid; travelling across me,
Left a dark track. A good man covered me
With protecting boards, with stretched skin over me;
Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smiths
Decorated me with strands of woven wire.
Now may the ornaments and the red dye
And the precious possessions everywhere honor
The Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly.
…Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
An enemy came and took away my life
And my strength also in the world; then wetted me,
Dipped me in water; then took me thence;
Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair.
The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;
Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delight
With swift drops made frequent traces
Over the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dye
With a measure of liquid; travelling across me,
Left a dark track. A good man covered me
With protecting boards, with stretched skin over me;
Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smiths
Decorated me with strands of woven wire.
Now may the ornaments and the red dye
And the precious possessions everywhere honor
The Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly.
…Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
Gold leaf
Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Ashmole 1511, 6v
Exeter Book Riddle 26
An enemy came and took away my lifeAnd my strength also in the world; then wetted me,Dipped me in water; then took me thence;Placed me in the sun, where I lost all my hair. The knife’s edge cut me--its impurities ground away;Fingers folded me. And the bird’s delightWith swift drops made frequent tracesOver the brown surface; swallowed the tree-dyeWith a measure of liquid; travelling across me,Left a dark track. A good man covered meWith protecting boards, with stretched skin over me; Adorned me with gold. Then the work of smithsDecorated me with strands of woven wire. Now may the ornaments and the red dyeAnd the precious possessions everywhere honorThe Guardian of peoples. It were otherwise folly. …Ask me my name…
(Translation by Paull F. Baum)
parchment durability
Book of Hours (circa. 1450) Homeric Dictionary (1870)
peat bog psalter
W h a t e v e r h a p p e n e d
t o m e d ie v a l
m a n u s c r ip t s ?
British Library, Cotton Vitellius A.xv: “The Beowulf-Manuscript”
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