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AQUACULTURE

Austin Journal of Aquaculture and Marine Biology

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AQUACULTURE

“Seafood is one of the healthiest and most popular sources of protein worldwide. Almost half of the seafood we eat comes from farms, making aquaculture - seafood farming - the fastest growing food production system in the world…Despite a steep learning curve for this growing industry – learning in just 30 years what land farmers have garnered over 6,000 years – positive changes in the industry already are visible.” –worldwildlife.org

INTRODUCTION

PROPERTIES OF WATER

Aqueous Terrestrial

• Oxygen 0-14 mg/L 21%

• Temperature + 10˚C + 40˚C

• Density Variable (4˚C) Constant

• Composition Variable* Constant

Aquaculture, is also known as aquafarming. This is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae and other aquatic organisms. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish

WHAT IS AQUACULTURE?

CLASSIFICATION OF AQUACULTURE

Extensive Aquaculture: Minimal control, lower density, ponds, third world

Intensive Aquaculture:

Highly controlled, high density, RAS, raceways, confined (industrialized)

Egyptian tombs have bas-relief of fish (tilapia) being removed from ponds – 2500 B.C. Carp were farmed in China as early as 2500 B.C. Wen Fang – founder of the Chou Dynasty is called the first fish farmer (during exile he kept records of fish growth and behavior) Fan Li – wrote first book on fish farming 475 B.C. Lee family – Were the first to polyculture carp during the Tang Dynasty 600 to 900 A.D. England – 1500 A.D. carp culture was introduced U.S. – first fish hatchery was in Oregon 1877

HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE

HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE Egyptian tombs have bas-relief of fish (tilapia) being removed from ponds – 2500 B.C. Carp were farmed in China as early as 2500 B.C. Wen Fang – founder of the Chou Dynasty is called the first fish farmer (during exile he kept records of fish growth and behavior) Fan Li – wrote first book on fish farming 475 B.C. Lee family – Were the first to polyculture carp during the Tang Dynasty 600 to 900 A.D. England – 1500 A.D. carp culture was introduced U.S. – first fish hatchery was in Oregon 1877

PERCENT OF TOTAL FOOD FISH SUPPLIED BY AQUACULTURE

AQUACULTURE IS A DIVERSE FIELD

BiologyEcologyNutritionHandling and haulingWater qualityDiseaseMarketingCulture techniques

HOW CAN AQUACULTURE HELP?

Gives people more control of conditionsRestores depleted species of fish & shellfishBoosts commercial catches and sports fishingComplements wild catches to meet growing demandImprovements of fishmealNat’l Offshore Aquaculture Act of 2007 requires abidance of existing water quality laws and other pertinent laws