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“Seafood is one of the healthiest and most popular sources of protein worldwide. Almost half of the seafood we eat comes from farms, making aquaculture - seafood farming - the fastest growing food production system in the world…Despite a steep learning curve for this growing industry – learning in just 30 years what land farmers have garnered over 6,000 years – positive changes in the industry already are visible.” –worldwildlife.org
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF WATER
Aqueous Terrestrial
• Oxygen 0-14 mg/L 21%
• Temperature + 10˚C + 40˚C
• Density Variable (4˚C) Constant
• Composition Variable* Constant
Aquaculture, is also known as aquafarming. This is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae and other aquatic organisms. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish
WHAT IS AQUACULTURE?
CLASSIFICATION OF AQUACULTURE
Extensive Aquaculture: Minimal control, lower density, ponds, third world
Intensive Aquaculture:
Highly controlled, high density, RAS, raceways, confined (industrialized)
Egyptian tombs have bas-relief of fish (tilapia) being removed from ponds – 2500 B.C. Carp were farmed in China as early as 2500 B.C. Wen Fang – founder of the Chou Dynasty is called the first fish farmer (during exile he kept records of fish growth and behavior) Fan Li – wrote first book on fish farming 475 B.C. Lee family – Were the first to polyculture carp during the Tang Dynasty 600 to 900 A.D. England – 1500 A.D. carp culture was introduced U.S. – first fish hatchery was in Oregon 1877
HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE
HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE Egyptian tombs have bas-relief of fish (tilapia) being removed from ponds – 2500 B.C. Carp were farmed in China as early as 2500 B.C. Wen Fang – founder of the Chou Dynasty is called the first fish farmer (during exile he kept records of fish growth and behavior) Fan Li – wrote first book on fish farming 475 B.C. Lee family – Were the first to polyculture carp during the Tang Dynasty 600 to 900 A.D. England – 1500 A.D. carp culture was introduced U.S. – first fish hatchery was in Oregon 1877
AQUACULTURE IS A DIVERSE FIELD
BiologyEcologyNutritionHandling and haulingWater qualityDiseaseMarketingCulture techniques
HOW CAN AQUACULTURE HELP?
Gives people more control of conditionsRestores depleted species of fish & shellfishBoosts commercial catches and sports fishingComplements wild catches to meet growing demandImprovements of fishmealNat’l Offshore Aquaculture Act of 2007 requires abidance of existing water quality laws and other pertinent laws