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WATER SUPPLY SCHEMEBYSHIVA KUMARSOMASEKHARSUDHARSHANSUNIL KUMAR REDDY

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CONTENTS : IMPORTANCE OF WATER

OBJECTIVES OF PROTECTED WATER SUPPLY

COMPONENTS OF A PROTECTED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

PERCAPITA DEMAND

SYSTEMS OF DISTRIBUTION

LAYOUTS OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

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9C405.5General Importance of waterNo life can exist without waterIt is as essential for life as air isTwo-third of human body is constituted of waterProvides luxuries and comforts to human beings 3

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9C405.5Objectives of protected water supplyTo supply safe and wholesome water to consumersTo supply water in sufficient quantitiesTo supply water at convenient points and timingsTo supply water at reasonable cost to the usersTo encourage personal and house hold cleanliness of users The objectives of protected water supply scheme are4

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9C405.6Components of a protected water supply schemeSource of waterIntakesTreatmentDistribution

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9C405.66Classification of sources of water

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9C405.6

Water Supply SchemeSources of waterSurface sourcesSub-surface sourcesSpringsWells

Ponds, lakesRivers and streamsImpounding reservoirsInfiltration galleriesInfiltration wellsArtesian wellsDug wellsDriven wellsTube wellsShallow tube wellsDeep tube wellsIntake worksTreatment WorksAerationSedimentationFiltrationDisinfectionMiscellaneous treatment

Distribution system

Supply to the consumer

7Fig 1 Schematic diagram of typical water supply scheme

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9C405.128Design periodWater supply projects includes permanent constructions at Intakes, treatment plants and overhead tanks and laying of pipe linesThey can not be replaced or resized or reconstructed easily in every year, as per the needs of the increased population, as it include huge amount of capital

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9C405.129 Design period contd..The design periods for various project components may be taken as follows

ComponentStorage reservoirInfiltration worksPipe connectionsDistribution systemsWater treatment unitsElectric motors and pumpsDesign period15 years15 years50 years30 years30 years30 years

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9C405.6IntakesIntakes are structures which collect water from the surface sources, for further conveyance to treatment plant eg. Reservoir intake, Lake intake, River intake, Canal intake10

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9C405.6Treatment of waterThe raw water from different sources contains various impuritiesIt can not be directly used by the publicTo reduce the impurities below the allowable limits, raw water should be properly treated in a treatment plant

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9C405.7 Factors affecting per capita demandSocial and economical status of consumerCost of waterClimatic conditionsIndustrial and commercial activitiesPressure in distribution system

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9C405.9Per Capita DemandDefinitionIt is the amount of water required by one person per one day ( based on annual average)

It includes the domestic use, industrial and commercial use, public use, wastes and thefts, fire demand etc.13

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9C405.9Variation in water demandThe water demand is not constant through outThere are wide variations in the use of water in different seasons, months, days and hoursThe variation depends on the general habits of people, climatic conditions and character of city such as industrial, Commercial and residential etc. 14

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9C405.9Types of variations in water demandSeasonal variationsMonthly variationsDaily variationsHourly variations15

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9C405.9

16Fig 1 variation of water demand in a day

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17Requirements of Good Distribution System Simple and easy to operateSufficient pressure head at all points The minimum residual pressure for a single storey building is 0.07 N/mm2 and for a double storey building is 0.12 N/mm2Requisite amount of water for fire fightingEconomical

Distribution pipes should not be laid below sewer lines, to avoid pollutionMin. pipe sizes of 100 mm for towns having population up to 50,000 and 150 mm pipes for those above 50,000

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9C405.41 & 4218 Systems Of Distribution COMBINED OR DUAL SYSTEM GRAVITY OR DIRECT SYSTEM PUMPING OR INDIRECT SYSTEM

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9C405.41 & 4219Fig. 1 GRAVITY SYSTEM

Systems of distribution contd..

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9C405.41 & 4220Fig.2 PUMPING SYSTEM

Systems of distribution contd..

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9C405.41 & 4221FIG.3 COMBINED GRAVITY & PUMPING SYSTEM

Systems of distribution contd..

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9C405.45 & 4622Fig.2 OHSR (RECTANGULAR)

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9C405.45 & 46239C405.43 & 4423Methods / Systems of supply Water may be supplied by two systems / methods Continuous system Intermittent system

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9C405.47 & 4824Layouts in distribution system CIRCULAR or RING SYSTEM DEAD END OR TREE SYSTEM GRID IRON SYSTEMDepending on method of layout of the pipe lines, the distribution systems are classified as RADIAL SYSTEM

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9C405.47 & 4825

Fig.1 Dead end or tree systemDead endDead endMDMDMDMD

CVCVCVCV

MD minor distributorsDE dead endDE

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9C405.4926

Fig.1 Grid iron system

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9C405.50 & 5127

Fig.1 Circle (or) ring system

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9C405.50 & 5128

Fig.2 Radial system

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Next to Air, the other important requirement for human life to exist, is water.As a matter of fact every living soul requires water for its survival.So,providing purified water to everyone in economicway with suitable methods.CONCLUSION:

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THANK YOU

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