Usaid innovation question

* awo JET PROPULSION LAB

AZORIAN WORLD GROUP

awo Jet Propulsion Lab 4 RCD Praca Chinde, Lisbon Portugal 1800-058 Main Line +351 218283152 Emergency 96 584 1297

CONCEPT NOTE VIEW - CN-000000116 ASSIGNED TO CYNTHIA HSU

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADES STARTING WITH GASIFICATION TO PRODUCE

RENEWABLE HYDROCARBONS FROM FRONT END EXTRACTION OF CELLULOSE AND ALSO

PROCESSED SLUDGECAKE

Proposal Summary

Innovation Question:

What is your proposed Clean Energy Solution and how it is remarkably different from currently

available technologies, applications of technologies, business models, and/or practices?

(Maximum score for this question is 10 points. Please keep your response limited to 200 words.)

A unified fuel processing reactor for a solid oxide fuel cell can reform hydrocarbon-based fuel into

hydrogen-rich gas, remove a sulfur component, and convert non-converted fuel and a low carbon

(C2˜C5) hydrocarbon compound into hydrogen and methane in a single reactor. The reactor comprises

a primary-reformer which reforms a hydrocarbon-base fuel and generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas,

a desulfurizer which removes a sulfur component from the reformed gas, and a post-reformer which

selectively decomposes a low carbon (C2˜C5) hydrocarbon in the desulfurized reformed gas into

hydrogen and methane. The primary-reformer, desulfurizer and post-reformer are in the unified

reactor and isolated, except for a fluid passage, from each other by internal partition walls. The

primary-reformer is disposed at a center portion of the reactor. The post-reformer and the desulfurizer

are concentrically disposed outside of the primary-reformer.

Relevance to Clean Energy/Agriculture Nexus Question:

In what measurable manner will your proposed Clean Energy Solution contribute to increasing

agriculture productivity and/or value in developing countries? (Maximum score for this question

is 5 points. Please keep your response limited to 200 words.)

By specializing in waste remediation, our system can utilize a variety of waste streams that generally

are incinerated or spread on landfill and the process can revert back up to 3MMgy of diesel and

gasoline blendstocks or configured to provide 3MWe baseload power. The bioreactor is able to use a

variety of waste materials and dedicated energy crops for feedstock.

Market Potential Question:

What is your target market(s) for the proposed Clean Energy Solution and how will PAEGC

resources be used to support the distribution, maintenance, and commercialization of this

proposed Clean Energy Solution? (Maximum score for this question is 5 points. Please keep your

response limited to 200 words.)

Generally, this bioreactor fits onto the back end of wastewater treatment facilities, with additional

gasification column and cellulose extractor at the front end. Additionally, a nitrogen and phosphorus

extractor is adapted to eliminate fertilizers from being delivered to streams and recombined to

produce inexpensive fertilizers for local agriculture. We can also seek out growing communities where

there is yet to build WWTP facilities such as communities that are currently polluting lakes or direct

into the sea due to lack of WWTP facilities.

CONCEPT NOTE VIEW - CN-000000118 (FUNDING WINDOW 1 – CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTION DESIGN)

US Navy invents “Fuel from Seawater”

E-CEM Carbon Capture Skid. The E-CEM was mounted onto a portable skid along with a reverse osmosis unit,

power supply, pump, proprietary carbon dioxide recovery system, and hydrogen stripper to form a carbon

capture system [dimensions of 63" x 36" x 60"]. (Photo: US Naval Research Laboratory)

THE US NAVY E-CEM CARBON CAPTURE SKID CREATES REDUCED ACIDITY IN ATOL OR

SMALL ISLAND FROM SEAWATER WITH POWER FROM OCEAN CURRENTS FOR

CONTINUOUS OUTPUT OF KEROSENE

Proposal Summary





The seawater to kerosene process is able to provide fresh water to local communities as well as

renewable kerosene and power. The added benefit from CO2 extraction at seaside is beneficial for

corals and vital to the entire aquatic health cycle. The Navy has expressed enthusiasm for integrading

their pilot reactors in multiples and the profitability of their robust system when couples with a marine

current turbine for local micro grid solutions.





For islanders there is a high cost of electricity. Also the biofuel and fresh water are a premium price on

islands worldwide. This process configuration works well for the 3 most important components to

attract comfortable living. Reducing cost of living for coastal farmers allows better land management

through additional savings. Less diesel generating power creates cooler climate by eliminating heat

dissipation.






Ideal set-up is to license the manufacturing process to enable daily export of the E-CEM unit. Locating

harbours where waters are most polluted can essentially line multiple processors to extract the CO2

where it is most prominent initially. Also it is possible to place units where corals have been depleted

by ocean acidification to remove an immediate steady stream of CO2.

A team of researchers working on a Carnegie expedition in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef has

documented that coral growth rates have plummeted 40% since the mid-1970s. The scientists suggest

that ocean acidification may be playing an important role in this perilous slowdown.

Sale from kerosene and bottled water can support mass production of multiple units daily.


CONCEPT NOTE - CN-000000119 (CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTION DESIGN)

Larger and more permanent onsite biomass CHP options

Advanced Gasification Technology

INCREMENTAL BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING WOODY WASTES FOR DISTRIBUTED POWER

SUBSTITUTION IN ADVANCE OF DIESEL POWER GENERATION IN VILLAGES THROUGHOUT THE

GROWING FAR EAST OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND WHERE RDF FUELS ARE AVAILABLE TO

INCREASE BIOMASS USE FOR PEAK POWER DEMANDS

Proposal Summary





Advanced gasification systems can be conveniently located in remote towns to increase potential

industrialization power derived by syngas production to generate electricity, heat or alternative fuels

for multiple uses, starting from biomass and other organic materials. In remote communities

depending on delivery of power generation through importing diesel fuel there may be a cost of $3 +

for each kWe hour consumed. We can produce power for less than $0.10 kWh using producer gas.





Licensing the proprietary small scale technology, and services for the international market through

licensee’s that manufacture on industrial scale and market gasification plants on a worldwide basis.

Using biomass that will either be burned or decomposing to produce synthesis gas increases local fuel

and power security to increase local economics.






A new VIPP (Vortex Intensive Power Process) cyclone gasifier and gas cleaner can eliminate the largest

home ownership expense of rural living in the majority of the Russian Federation. The delivery of a

500kWe small CHP plant for a district heating (utility), coupled with 1 MWe power plant can serve as a

model for biomass such as yard waste diversion from landfill.

CONCEPT NOTE - CN-000000122 (FUNDING WINDOW 1 – CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTION DESIGN)

Nutrient Management Solutions

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR EXTRACTING PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN FROM

FINISHED WATER PURIFICATION FOR BLENDSTOCK OF FERTILIZERS ADDED TO ASH PRODUCED

VIA GASIFICATION OF CELLULOSE EXTRACTION AND HYDROCARBON REFORMING WASTEWATER

TREATMENT AND CO-PROCESSING BYPRODUCT

Proposal Summary





Wastewater streams are a renewable resource that can generate costs savings and revenues for the

treatment plant while helping them meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Benefits

include: Prevention of struvite formation and its associated operation, maintenance and capital costs.

Reduced sludge volumes and associated disposal costs are a side attraction to recovered fertilizers

naturally present in stream components. The Pearl process allows custom blending of fertilizer pellets

and prevents environmental concerns associated with wastewater treatment. The WASSTRIP process

complements Pearl by releasing magnesium, potassium and phosphate prior to WAS thickening.





Aside from meeting effluent discharge and biosolids land application limits, reduced nutrient loadings

allow improvements that enable wastewater recharging in water constrained climates. Revenues from

the Crystal Green® fertilizer produced by the Pearl process can provide the means to better educate

subsistence farmers in proper land management while providing a considerably less carbon-intensive

than traditional fertilizer manufacturing processes and safely returns nutrients to where they have

most benefit ¬– growing plants ¬– establishing a virtuous cycle of removal-release-recover.






Wastewater treatment plants concentrate large quantities of phosphorus and ammonia in their sludge-

handling streams. Pearl® Process resolves struvite issues and provides a comprehensive approach to

nutrient management. The technology is based on controlled chemical precipitation in a fluidized bed

reactor that recovers struvite in the form of highly pure crystalline pellets or “prills.” Nutrient-rich feed

streams are mixed with magnesium chloride and, if necessary, sodium hydroxide and then fed into the

Pearl reactor where minute particles or struvite “seeds” begin to form.



MINING CELLULOSE FROM SEWERS FOR PELLET FUELS AND PLASTICS FOR USE IN PRODUCER

SYNTHESIS GAS OUTPUT TO BE UTILIZED AS FEEDSTOCK FOR ONSITE CHP AND FOR PROVIDING

ADDITIONAL FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING FEEDSTOCK SUPPORT IN PRODUCING INCREASED

QUANTITIES OF RENEWABLE HYDROCARBONS USING WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

FEEDSTOCKS AS WELL AS PROVIDING THE MEANS OF PELLETIZING ANAEROBICALLY TREATED

SLUDGE FOR DELIVERY TO BIOFUEL CROP GROWERS

Proposal Summary





The Recyllose pellets can be used as an alternative feedstock for gasification and for heat or electricity

in domestic burners, or they can be used as an additive for pulp or paper and bioplastics. When

burned, the pellets do not emit harmful gases, but they boast a higher caloric value than wood. The

pellets can be customized according to customer specifications. By mining sewers, Recyllose pellets

can prevent half of the sludge from being formed, thereby cutting up to 30% of WWTP operational

costs.





The Sewage Recycling System uses sewage mining to reduce sludge and automatically produce a

valuable cellulose-based commodity. Recyllose is a unique new compound that consists of high levels

of recycled cellulose fibers extracted from raw wastewater. This product has many applications and is

used in a variety of industries as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to fuel, a heat

source, electricity, and a valuable material in the pulp & paper, insulation, construction and bio-plastics

industries. Recyllose can be blended using yard waste and cellulose in combination with anaerobically

treated sludge to produce pelletized for delivering organic soil nutrients.






Recyllose pellet production can alleviate as much as 30% of the sludge volume for further drying and

processing. Recyllose is manufactured automatically, without human intervention, in the form of

pellets or pulp. It is a valuable commodity that replaces cellulose and can be used as an economical

additive in a variety of industries. The SRS technology extracts solids in liquid sewage to create a clean,

environmentally-friendly, pasteurized product that is a winning combination between biology and

physics and represents a new era in wastewater treatment by forming an integral part of waste

reduction through ecological practices.



ANIMAL CHOW FEED MILL CAPABLE OF PROCESSING A VARIETY OF GRAINS TO PRODUCE BOTH

ANIMAL FEED AND ENRICHED WHEAT FLOUR SUITABLE FOR WORLD FOOD PROGRAMS AND

LOCAL ANIMAL FARMS OR VARIOUS STANDARD ENRICHED NUTRIENT FORMULAS FOR DELIVERY

IN BULK FEEDBAG OR SEALED PLASTIC PACKAGES

Proposal Summary





The 8-10 tonne per hour mixed grains farm feed mill is also suitable for producing enriched flour, or

the vitaminized bakery flour suitable for breads and other baked goods. The mill is also suitable for

conditioning materials for feed pellet products in the second setup. A feed mixer is installed at 10-11 ft

height over steel structure and a surge bin is installed under it. After mixing is complete, the blend is

discharged quickly into a surge bin and continuous bagging is done manually.





Several nations could benefit from availability of local grain processing stations with capacity to

process crops such as soy and wheat and corn as well as legumes and various grains of all types for

blending into animal feed as well as provide oil and sugar extraction. For nations in need of food

security this unit could provide the means for a vital supply of proteins.






The main use for this type of feed is chickens and the equipment can process feeds for hatchlings to

feed from day one and onward in a manner that will improve a survival rate. When wheat and other

grains are harvested, local farmers can benefit from sale of their crops to the mill. Resale of a higher

value product will then allow expansion for erecting buildings to increase output of fresh meats.

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CONCEPT NOTE - CN-000000129 (FUNDING WINDOW 1 – CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTION DESIGN

Onsite main office of development and general construction ordinance

Phase one onsite power & parameter lighting

CONTAINERIZED COMMAND POST OPERATING IN POSITIVE AIR ENVIRONMENT FOR IDEAL

SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNEL RECEPTION MODULES UTILIZING TWO 15 KWE

DOWNDRAFT GENERATORS FOR PROVIDING CONSTANT POWER TO BIOREFINERY EQUIPMENT

AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS SUCH AS PARAMETER LIGHTING AND CO2 SCRUBBING AQUATIC

SUPPORT SYSTEMS

Proposal Summary





A modular container office will be delivered for accommodating 4 work stations on main floor and

amenities facility above. The complex of 4 inter-connecting standard shipping containers serves as the

main development office on a 2000 to 6000 sq meter facility. A typical site can house twelve x 40 foot

containers to support various activities during construction and daily operations as well as serving

longterm if necessary onsite or repurposed on the next chain of duty. The system can serve as

demonstration unit that is capable of powering a small community with approximately 60 tons of

processed refuse derived fuels or a clean woods product per week.





The second and third floor meeting room is optional, however it can serve as crew quarters for those

involved in special ops such as overtime shift demands and site security as well as tradesmen catering

and operations preparation meetings for onsite engineers and first aid station. The main refinery hall

is well suited for training recruits using the stack of training manuals available for academic

distribution. By utilizing waste wood or woody residues of various sorts, we are able to accommodate

a small, well-ventilated onsite CHP to serve the planning and commissioning offices. With a constant

power supply minimum of 15 to 300 kWe we are able to assist the front end processors as well as

providing parameter lighting for site preparation.






A typical cost of one kilowatt is $0.10. An automatic feed hopper can provide metered refilling of the

chamber and off-gasses can be catalytically conditioned or the exhaust can become part of the

integrated CO2 harvesting plan for microalgae growth. Heat generated can be circulated into

the main CHP system. This type of system is ideal for the addition of a dual sided container for

the office complex designed to become mobile and shipped for consecutive site preparation usage.

However, the larger multi-reactor facilities will prefer a higher output, permanent type of CHP

integration system.



Refinery for Tyres, Waste Oil, Trap Grease, Plastic Oil, Engine Oil

A CATALYTIC CHAMBER REACTOR CONTAINING A VACUUM SYSTEM, CONDENSOR, LIGHT OIL

TANK AND DRAFT FAN TO RECOVER HEAT FOR HEAVY OIL EXTRACTION AND WATER

SEPARATION USING WASTE TIRES, USED PLASTICS, WASTE COOKING OILS, USED MOTOR OILS,

TRAP GREASES AND ANIMAL RENDERINGS TO PRODUCE LIGHT OILS, CARBON BLACK AND

POWER

Proposal Summary





The Convenient Inline Pressurized Catalytic Separation Process Reactor serving a compact oil refinery

is mainly composed of 4 reactors respectively for hydration & impurities precipitation, esterification &

neutralization, distillation and decolorization, cooling system, filtering system, boiler heating system as

well as dedusting system. Our oil refinery can process No 2&3 Diesel - furnace oil from waste tire,

waste plastics rejected by the high value reaction processors, waste rubber, waste engine oil and black

oils such as rendering fats and greases. Our oil refinery has two models which can process 5 ton raw oil

and 10 ton raw oil per day.





Process a 10 tons batch of unsorted tires (preferably sheared) into an average output of 4.5 ton sweet

crude oil containing 3.8 ton of No 2 diesel, 3 ton carbon black, 1.5 ton steel wire. The demand for

diverting biodiesel waste glycerol can end up with closing of biodiesel facilities due to its cancerous

nature of refinement waste. While the concept of waste glycerol for PLA has recently been proven at

lab scale, it will not be an immediate answer to glycerol diversion into sewage streams whereas this

reactor is capable of loading the relevant catalysts for several waste feedstocks simultaneously.






The ideal scale-up plan for this type of PyGas Reactor Foundation processing is the high availability of

plastics derived from crude oil plus the enormous amount of rubber available throughout the

environment. A dual configuration is therefore the best option that will allow for continuous output of

recovered hydrocarbons using variety of catalyst. While 10 tons of tyres processed will yield just 4.3

tons of finished base fuel oils, the addition of plastics can yield as much as 9.0 tons of finished base

fuels prior to hydrogenation and independent of natural gas infusion thanks to recent processing and

catalyst development. It is also possible to capture the stack gasses produced from both the furnace

and reactor in order to produce algae suitable for increasing oil yield or possible animal feed.

Depending on your off-gas conditioning requirements. The water extraction unit also is an integral

portion of the finished output as a suitable environmentally friendly injection fluid for fracking.



Microwave assisted pyrolysis suitable for crop and organic wastes

Project examples with maximized electricity production.

MICROWAVE ASSISTED PYROLYSIS AS AN IDEAL TREATMENT FOR ORGANIC RAW MATERIAL

PROCESS SUCH AS RICE STRAW, BIODIESEL WASTE GLYCEROL, DEMOLITION WASTE, FOREST

SLASH, FATS, OILS, GREASES, TIRES, RUBBER AND PLASTICS OF ALL TYPES INTO CATALYTIC

PRODUCED SYNTHESIS GAS FOR CONDENSATION AS BASE FUELS FOR FINAL STANDARD

PREPARATIONS AND BASELOAD POWER FRON NONCONDENSABLE GASES

Proposal Summary





The Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis process is well suited to recycle a variety of waste fractions such as

tires, sewage sludge, agricultural waste, waste wood, electronic scrap, cables, plastic waste etc.

Process efficiency and economics depend on continuous processing. This is difficult or impossible to

achieve by conventional pyrolysis techniques, as the even heating of moving material is very difficult.

In particular, most feedstock containing plastic or rubber will represent a challenge, as these materials

get sticky when heated. The Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis technology eliminates the described

problems. The microwaves heat by exciting the individual molecules in the organic material. The

heating is very accurate and even through the feedstock, and the heat control can be given within very

narrow margins.





This process is completely enclosed, and all products are collected and duly treated without any

emissions to the environment, called dry distillation process. As no oxygen is added to the process, the

produced gas will be a concentrated fuel gas with high calorific value. The feedstock is brought into

the pyrolysis reactor through air locks purged with inert gas to prevent oxygen to enter the reactor. It

is then heated by means of microwaves to a temperature where the bonds between the solids and the

volatiles in the material are broken. The volatile fraction consists of a vapor that is separated into

gases and fluids by condensation.






Microwave assisted pyrolysis advantages as compared to incineration, increases efficiencies and is

easily controllable. Incineration is complicated and expensive to control, and will usually create

harmful or toxic components that have to be removed from the flue gas as well as requiring

considerable capital and construction time whereas this system is more locally distributable which also

adds to process efficiencies by eliminating long-haul road transport. The pyrolysis is a process with no

oxygen present. Consequently oxides cannot be formed. For the same reason dioxins cannot occur, as

the formation of dioxins is dependent of the presence of oxygen.

Engineering

Usaid innovation question