UNDERGROUND SURVEY

Roll No. -: 47,31,15

Overview

Underground surveying is quite different from surveying on the surface. In tunnelling or mining operations it may be hot, wet,

dark, cramped, dusty, dirty and dangerous, and usually most of

these

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• In an underground transport system, for instance, the tunnels are driven to connect inclined or vertical shafts (points of surface entry to the transport system) whose relative locations are established by surface surveys. Thus the underground control networks must be connected and orientated into the same coordinate system as the surface networks. To do this, one must obtain the coordinates of at least one underground control station and the bearing of at least one line of the underground network, relative to the surface network.

Automated System for Continuous Monitoring of Powered Roof Support in Longwall Panel

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Development of 200T Self Advancing Goaf Edge Supports

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Rock Excavation and Underground Space Technology Laboratory High Speed Video Camera

JKSIM Blast/FRAGBLAST Software (Wipfrag)

Cerchar Hardness and Abrasivity Apparatus : Unique in the Country

Blast Vibration Recorders And Sophisticated Chip Based Micro Seismographs,

VOD Probe

Burden Ace

Micro-hardness Tester

Trinocular Polarising Microscope

Near-field Acceleration Measuring Set-up(500,50,5 g)

Brittleness Index Test Apparatus : Unique in the Country

Multi-Channel Subsurface Exploration Seismographs (Geode)

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Cerchar Hardness Apparatus

By-:Sanjeet Kumar

Underground Surveying Equipment and Monitoring Systems

• Surveying interface system• Leica fieldPro is a remarkable surveying

interface that combines AutoCAD’s 3D CAD

• 3D mine design and data measurement software• Leica fieldPro is the latest integration of mining

technology offering immediate return on investment. It has the following features:

• Face mapping can be easily be done by one person• Data is more accurate• Capture and layout of grade lines• Section and face profile viewing• Mine surveys are updated daily• Less rework (benching / slashing)

• Leica GeoMoS’ software provides a highly flexible automatic deformation monitoring system.

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Breathing Simulator

Views of the laboratory wind-tunnel set upBy-:Sanjeet Kumar

Static pressure contours surrounding an aerofoil section

By-:Sanjeet Kumar

Mine Survey and Geomatics Laboratory Electronic Total Station.

Laser Eyepiece, for correlation survey.

Micro-optic Theodolites, precise levels and other instruments

Global Positioning System (GPS) single frequency.

Mine Surveying Computation Laboratory

Digitizer And Plotter for plotting of survey plans.

SURPAC for mine volumetrics; SKIPRO for processing GPS data

LISCAD software for processing field surveying data and plotting

GIS Software, for storing and processing the information from mine plans and for updating them with the latest information.

ERDAS Software for remote sensing and image processing

State of the art surveying instruments

Laser –Gyro Correlation for deep mines

18CEMT, ISM, Dhanbad, India

Challenges ahead in Mining Challenges ahead in Mining sector..sector..

Common survey activity in UG are:1.1. Survey Face Marks

· New Excavations: All new excavations will be marked by surveyor in red paint, consisting of left rib, centre line, right rib, grade line across the face @1.5m above design floor, back sights marked on opposite rib. The centre line will also be painted across the backs with the high is able

to be reached with a paint pole.· 2nd Advancement: After firing and screening the first

round, surveyor will mark up the next as per a new excavation extending the center along the backs.

· Recording: All excavation marks made by survey will be recorded and checked against the design, before the

excavation can be blasted.

3D Laser Scanning• A terrestrial laser scanner determines the distance between

a large number of object points and thescanner by emitting laser pulses in different directions and detecting the echoes from the objects. So-called pulsed scanners measure the travel time of the pulse towards an object and back. Thistechnique therefore uses the intensity of the light signal to detect when an emitted signal returns tothe scanner.Leica claims an accuracy of 6mm at 50m for the Leica HDS 3000. Opteh ILRIS 3D laser scannerprovides dynamic measuring range capabilities (3 m- 1500m) with 6mm distance accuracy.

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Both terrestrial and airborne laser scanners give as an output XYZ coordinates and picture of laser intensity determined by scanning about 6-8 million points easy and accurate become surfaces by using appropriate software. Prepared spatial models could be converted to any commercial CAD and GIS system for post processing

Challenges in Indian Mining Challenges in Indian Mining sector..sector..

• Backfilling technology • Fibre optics based automation system for deep mines• Mine Safety and Human Factor Engineering • Integrated blast design, blasting damage prediction and control for

ore dilution prevention, environment friendly blasting and its control• Rapid drivage using TBMs• Diamond wire saw/chain saw cutting for extraction of ores• Geospatial technologies for exploration and delineation of ore bodies• Subsidence and its prediction• Slope and dump stability in deep surface mines• Underground mine environment, heat stress • Rock testing for dynamic properties and Joint stiffness determination

for safe mine design• Mine Information System

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By-:Sanjeet Kumar

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Future direction

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Thank you for your kind attention and support

By-:A15,A31,A47