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Traffic
studies
A
Seminar
on
Presented by :
Sachin Nagayach
0108CE13ME42
Guided by :
Pradeep Purohit sir
Asso. Professor
Introduction
Traffic studies are carried out to analyse
the traffic chracteristics . It helps in
geometric design and traffic control,
which tends to a safe and eficient
traffic movement.
The traffic studies for
collection of data is also known as
Traffic Census
TYPES OF TRAFFIC STUDIES
Traffic volume study
Speed study
Origin and destination study
Traffic flow characteristics study
Traffic capacity study
Parking study
Accident study
Traffic Volume Study
Traffic volume study is the quantity of vehicles crossing a section of road per unit time at any selected period.
The uses of traffic studies are as follows
Planning
Traffic operation and control
Traffic pattern
Structural design of pavement
Regulatory measures
Automatic counters
Automatic counters are also known as
mechanical counters . They can
automatically record the total numbers
of vehicles crossing a section of the
road in desired period of time.
Automatic counters
Advantage:
It can work throughout the day and night for
desired period, which is impractical in
manual.
Disadvantage:
It doesnot give the detail of the traffic like
various classes, stream and turning
movement
Manually
The manually method is the method in
which a group of peoples are trained
to record the total numbers of
vehicles crossing a section of the road
in desired period of time on record
sheets manually.
Manually
Advantage:
It gives the full detail of the traffic like
various classes, stream and turning
movement etc of the vehicles.
Disadvantage:
It cannot work throughout the day
and night for all days of year.
Presentation of volume study
dataThe data can be presented by following
forms, they are:
Annual average daily traffic (AADTorADT)
Trends charts
Variation charts
Traffic flow maps
Volume flow diagram
Highest hourly volume graph
Speed Studies
The speed studies are the studies
which are carried out to know the
general trends in speeds.
They are classified into two groups:
Spot speed study
Speed and delay study
Spot speed study
The speed at any spot is known as spot
speed.
It may used for following aspects:
Planning traffic control and regulation
Geometric design
Accident studies
Traffic capacity
Speed trends
Presentation of spot speed
data
Average speed of vehicles
Cummulative speed of
vehicles
Modal average
Speed and delay study
The speed and delay study gives:
Running speed
Overall speed
Fluctuation in speed
Delay between two station
Methods of speed and delay
study
Floating car method
License plate method
Interview technique method
Elevated observation method
Photographic technique method
Origin and Destination Study
This technique is mainly observed by
two methods:
Plan the road network and other
facilities for vehicular traffic
Plan the schedule of different modes
of transportation for trip demand
Methods of O and D study
Road side interview method
License plate method
Return postcard method
Tag on car method
Home interview method
Work spot interview method
Traffic Capacity Study
The study of traffic volume and traffic
density is known as traffic capacity
study.
There are three types of capacity study:
Basic capacity
Possible capacity
Practical capacity
Factor affecting traffic
capacity
Speed of leading and following vehicle
Type and characteristic of two vehicle
Driver characteristic of following
vehicle
Traffic volume capacity ratio
Proportion of vehicle classes
Road geometrics
Environmental factors
Parking studies
parking is the much needed demand
and major problem in our country.
Parking studies are used to evaluate
the facilities available like :
Parking demand
Parking characteristics
Parking space inventory
Types of parking studies
Onstreet : ◦ Parallel parking
◦ 30˚ angle parking
◦ 45˚ angle parking
◦ 60˚ angle parking
◦ Right angle parking
Offstreet : ◦ Mechanical car parking
◦ Multistory car parking
◦ Roof car parking
◦ Surface car parking
◦ Underground parking
Accident Study
Accident studies may be listed as:
To study the cause of accident and
suggest corrective treatment at
nearest location.
To evaluate existing design
To support proposed design
To make computation of financial loss
To carry out before and after studies
Accident study record
Collection of accident data
Accident report
Accident record
Condition diagram
Collision diagram
Accident investigation
Analysis
Causes of Accident
There are four basic elements in traffic
accident:
Road user
Vehicle
Road condition
Environment factor