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Architecture & Town Planning Taj Mahal
Presenters Abdullah Iftikhar (13-CE-01) Bilal Nasir (13-CE-15)
Mirpur University of Science & Technology
Contents • Overview and History
• Architectural style and Elements
o Tomb
o Exterior Decoration
o Interior Decoration
o Garden
• Surrounding Buildings
• Construction
• Threats
5/15/2016 2
Overview & History • Ivory white marble mausoleum
• Second generation
o Mughal architecture
• Located at bank of Yamna river in Agra, India
• Extended on 42 acres
• Construction
o started in 1932
o Completed in 1953
• Estimated cost is 52.8 billion rupees
• 7-8 million visitors each year
5/15/2016 3
Architectural Elements • Tomb
o symmetrical
o centered dome (guava dome)
o Iwan
o Consists of 8 unequal sides
o Length of long side is 55 m
o Height of dome is 35 m
o Four minarets each 40 meters high
5/15/2016 4
Source: http://www.strangevacations.com/content/item/152369.html
Architectural Elements Exterior Decoration
• Carving on white marble
o Using chisel and hammer
• Islamic architecture
o Calligraphy (jasper & black marble)
o Islimi ( yellow marble & jasper )
• Carvings polished and leveled to surface
5/15/2016
5
Source: http://travel.sulekha.com/india/uttar-pradesh/agra/photos/taj-mahal-panorama.jpg
Architectural Elements Interior design
• Octagon with entrance from each side
• Sarcophagi of Mumtaz and shah Jahan
• Height is 25 meters
• Four arches with balconies
• Ninety nine name of GOD
• Efficient use of daylight
5/15/2016 6 Source: https://galahotels.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inside-taj-mahal.jpg?w=800
Architectural Elements • Mughal garden or Charbagh
• 300 square meter area
• Four quarters
• Sixteen ornamental portions
• Beautiful reflecting pool
• Decorated with flowers
5/15/2016 7 source http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-km9yTbFS-Mg/T9OxvKpew8I/AAAAAAAAAIY/rsnlpa5ZjWM/s1600/U.jpg
Architectural Elements Surrounding buildings
• Complex has boundary wall on three sides
• Outside the boundary are other tombs
• Main gate
• Mosque on western side
• Jawab on eastern side
o Build for architectural balance
o Used as a guesthouse
5/15/2016 8 Source: http://www.tnhglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/taj_mahal_03_big-1900x700_c.jpg
Construction • Land was taken from Jai Singh in the south of Agra
• Three acres of land was excavated
• Land was refilled with dirt to reduce seepage
• Level was raised to 160 feet from river
• Wells were dug and filled with rocks in order to
provide solid foundation
• 1000 elephants used for material trans.
• White marble is used
• Total expenses are equal to 52.8 billion rupees in
2015
5/15/2016 9
Threats • Affected by air and water pollution
(Mathura) o Color is getting yellow or blackish
o Material is peeling off
• Appearance of cracks o water falls in Yamna river
o Wood in foundation is rotting
o Cracks are recognized
o Tilting of minarets
• Companies are drawing water from river affecting
the grand structure
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Questions?
5/15/2016 11