Solid Waste Management

Gulshan KumarCivil engg.Roll no.-

What Are Waste ?• “ Substances or objects which are disposed of or are

intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of the law”

• Disposal means

“Any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses.”

Classification

• Domestic waste• Factory waste• Waste from oil factory• E-waste• Construction waste• Agricultural waste• Food processing waste• Bio-medical waste• Nuclear waste

Solid Waste

Classification of Wastes• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household

waste etc.

• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.

• Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants

• Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.

• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.

• Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants

Classification of Waste a/c to their properties Bio-degradable :- can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable :- cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, containers and others)

SOURCES OF WASTE

HOUSEHOLDS

COMMERCE ANDINDUSTRY

SOURCES OF WASTE

Agriculture

Fisheries

Solid Waste in India• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste

• One Sq. km of additional landfill area every-year

• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes

• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year, which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.

Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

Growth of Solid Waste In India• Waste is growing every year

• In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2 million to 12.3 million

• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%

• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities

• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on hygienic condition of the city

Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi

Projections on Waste Generation In India

Waste Collection in India• Primarily by the city municipality :-

- No gradation of waste product e.g. - bio-degradable, glasses, polybags, paper shreds etc.- Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts

• Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers) :-- Collecting small iron pieces by magnets- Collecting glass bottles- Collecting paper for recycling

Disposal of solid wastes• Sanitary land filling

• Shredding

• Composting

• Incineration

• Barging it out into the Sea

Managing WasteRecycling

Benefits of recycling :-

- Reduce environmental degradation- Making money out of waste- Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &

product manufacture

Saving through recycling :-

- Making paper from waste saves 50% energy- Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to

100 litres of oil

Managing Waste• Reduce Waste :-

- Reduce office paper waste

- Improve product design to use less materials.

- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while maintaining strength.

- Work with customers to design and implement a packaging return program.

- Switch to reusable transport containers.

Managing WasteReuse :-

- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice envelopes, file folders, and paper.

- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, and glasses.

- Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments.

- Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather than purchase new ones.

Managing WasteDonate/Exchange :-

- old books

- old clothes

- old computers

- excess building materials

- old equipment to local organizations

Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site

• Industrialized countries have waste management problems

• Developed countries have strict environment regulation norms

• Most attractive option for them- to dump into developing countries

Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials

Recycling not a solution to all problems !

- Recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material

- For many items recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe

- In some cases, cost of recycling is too high

Solution : More Profit With Zero Waste

• Exchanging output that are considered waste

• Waste of one could be input or raw material for others

Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste• Education

• Collection of waste

• Technological interventions

• Institutions & regulatory framework

• Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction

• Market action for waste reduction

Source: The Energy & Resources Institute

• Effects our health

• Affects our socio-economics condition

• Affects our costal and marine environment

• Affects our climate

EFFECT OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY

Thank You