“ROLE OF PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT IN POWER SYSTEM”

SUBMITTED BYHASEENA.MM.Tech UNIVERSITY OF KERALA

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APPLICATIONS OF PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNITS IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM NETWORKS INCORPORATED WITH

FACTS CONTROLLERS

NEW IDEA………

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CONTENTS

1. WHY THIS NEW PATH….?2. BUT WE HAVE SCADA…3. INTRODUCTION TO PMU4. SYNCHROPHASOR DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENTS5. APPLICATIONS OF PMU IN POWER SYSTEM6. FEATURES OF PMU7. COMPARISON BETWEEN SCADA SYSTEM AND PMU8. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PMU9. PMU IN POWER SYSTEM10. CONSIDERATIONS…!i. OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF PMU IN POWER SYSTEM NETWORKSii. POWER SYSTEM REAL TIME MONITORINGiii. POWER SYSTEM OPERATION CONTROL AND PLANNING 11. APPLICATIONS OF PMU IN POWER SYSTEM NETWORKS INCORPORATED WITH

FACTS CONTROLLERS.12.CONCLUSION13. REFERENCE

WHY THIS NEW PATH…?

Power System Faults Wide area Monitoring Proper control actions Black outs

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BUT WE HAVE SCADA…

• Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition system

• Analogue signal measurement• Resolution is low• Cannot deal with transient responses• Only magnitude• Local monitoring

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INTRODUCTION TO PMU

• A waveform shaped mathematically - Phasor.

• PMU measures electrical waves in electric grid.

• Synchronization by same time sampling of signal from GPS satellites.

• Time synchronization allow synchronized real time measurements.

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SYNCHROPHASOR DEFENITION AND MEASUREMENTS

•Synchrophasor - phasor at an instant of time.

•To obtain simultaneous measurement, synchronization of time tag are required.

•Help system operators to measure state of power system.

•Also manage power quality.

•Frequency changes,MW,MVAR-measurement.

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APPLICATIONS OF PMU IN POWER SYSTEM

•Power system real-time monitoring.

•Advanced network protection.

•Advanced control schemes.

•Post disturbance analyses of power system.

• Wide area measurement and control.

• Power system automation.

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FEATURES OF PMU

•PMU measures 50/60hz ac waveforms at 48 samples per cycle.

•PMUs are computed using DFT and time stamped with GPS

•A concentrator or a collector collect all information from all PMUs and advanced control is done.

•Real time observation of system performance.

• Economical .

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COMPARISON BETWEEN SCADA SYSTEMS AND PMU

ATTRIBUTE SCADA PMU’S

MEASUREMENT ANALOGUE DIGITAL

RESOLUTION 2-4 SAMPLES PER CYCLE

60 SAMPLES PER CYCLE

OBSERVABILITY STEADY STATE DYNAMIC

MONITORING LOCAL WIDE AREA

PHASOR ANGLE MEASUREMENT

NO YES

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PMU

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PMU IN POWER SYSTEM

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CONSIDERATIONS…!

1.OPTIMAL PLACEMENTS OF PMU IN POWER SYSTEM NETWORKS

•In power system optimal placement of PMU and RTU for power system estimation by algorithms (ILP).RTU is remote terminal unit.

•Voltage magnitude, voltage angle ,real and reactive current are measured by PMU.

•Flow of real and reactive power measured by RTU.

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2.POWER SYSTEM REAL TIME MONITORING

•PMU equipped with the GPS, gives the opportunity of data synchronisation at a common time reference.

•With the GPS, timestamp is accurate to within 1 microsecond at any location.

•Real time monitoring helps in wide area control of power system.

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3. POWER SYSTEM OPERATION,CONTROL, AND PLANNING

•Voltage, current phasors are measured by PMU with respect to GPSclock.

•Uncertainities in power system due to 1.instrument transformers 2.the analog interfaces 3.analog to digital interfaces •These uncertainities of voltage and phase angles at buses are determined.

•Used for transient control applications.

•FRU (Frequency recording units) measure frequency of power systems.

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APPLICATION OF PMU IN POWER SYSTEMS WITH FACTS CONTROLLERS

• Sub synchronous reactance is a major problem in power systems having series compensated lines.

•FACTS controllers - mitigate sub synchronous oscillations.

•FACTS controllers consist of series,shunt devices which are interfaced with power system .

•FACTS control angle of these buses - damp low frequency inter area oscillations in systems.

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•So SVC control using a weighted sum of bus voltage angles of generators.

•Bus voltage angle signals are obtained from PMU.

•Ideal control signal is rotor angles of generators..

• FACT devices control the rotor angles and control whole power system.

•Also statcom is shunt device of FACTS to control power flow and improve transient stability.

•With WAMS states of large interconnected system obtained.

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CONCLUSION

•PMUs and WAMS - implementation in major networks.

•Optimal placement - rotor angle stability, frequency stability,voltage security.

•Power system oscillations and voltage stability using TCSC,SVC,SSSC,STATCOM.

•Help in power system protection, security,advanced monitoring

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REFERENCES

Abe M., Otsuzuki N., Emura T., and Takeuchi M.,1995, “Development of a new fault location system for multi-terminal singletransmission lines,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 159–168.Abur A., Kim H., and Çelik M., 1995, “Identifying the unknown circuit breaker statuses in power networks,” IEEE Trans. PowerSyst., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 2029–2037.Almutairi A. M., and Milanovi J. V., 2009, “Comparison of Different Methods for Optimal Placement of PMUs,” Paper acceptedfor presentation at 2009 IEEE Bucharest Power Tech Conference, June 28th - July 2nd, Bucharest, Romania.Aminifar F., Lucas C., Khodaei A., and Fotuhi-Firuzabad M., 2009 “Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units UsingImmunity Genetic Algorithm,” IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 1014-1020.Aminifar F., Bagheri-Shouraki S., Fotuhi-Firuzabad M., and Shahidehpour M., 2010, “Reliability Modeling of PMUs Using FuzzySets,” IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 2384-2391.

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THANKS

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QUERIES… ..?

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