ENGINEERING GEOLOGYGroup Presentation

ROLE OF GEOLOGY IN SELECTION OF CONSTRUCTION SITE of Mega Projects

• Group Members:• Osama Tahir• Ehsan Ahmed khan• Syed Ilyas Ali• Muhammad Haris• Wajid Ali

Content

• Introduction• Role of Engg. Geology• What are Mega projects?• Site selection• References

INTRODUCTION

• Engineering geology may be defined as application of geological principles to engineering problems ,especially in civil engineering projects.

• Civil engineering projects are founded on materials which have been formed by geological processes.

ROLE OF ENGG. GEOLOGY

• Systematic knowledge regarding site. • The knowledge of the geological work of

natural agents such as water, wind etc.• Feature of area and possible design of

foundation

What Are Mega Projects?

• Which has Cost US 1billion $ or more• Which gain large Public attention• These projects may include bridges, tunnels ,

highways, airports, power plants, oil and natural gas extraction ,dams , town planning etc.

SELECTION OF SITESelection of site for mega projects will be on the following geological basis:• Geological Survey• BEARING capacity• Slope stability• Water table• Nature of rock• Seismic zone• Soil erosion• Altitude• Climatic parameters

MEGA PROJECTSDAMS TOWN PLANNIG BRIDGES

Bearing capacity Bearing capacity Topography

Seismic zone Seismic zone

Topography

Slope stability

Bearing capacity

Sea level

Topography

Underground water Seismic zone

Slope stability

Type of rock

Sea level Sea level

Soil profile

Water Table

Climatic parameters Soil type

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

• A geological survey is the systematic investigation beneath a given piece of ground for the purpose of creating a geological map or model.

BEARING CAPACITY

• The ability of a soil to bear a load from a structure through foundation.

• This test can be performed through bore logs.

Geological mapping

• Before construction, geological mapping is must for the site or surface of construction to show geological features like Rock units or geologic strata.

SIESMIC zones• Location of construction site • The probability that an earthquake will occur

in a given geographic area.

SLOPE STABILITY

• the resistance of inclined surface to failure by sliding or collapsing.

• Gravity is main factor• Do not exceed the angle of repose

WATER CONTENT• Water present beneath surface• Water content must be checked for the safety

of the project• Water can penetrate which is a big hazard for

the foundation which ultimately effects the structures

NATURE OF ROCK• Rocks are extremely important in terms of their properties

and strength• The type of rock greatly effect projects• organic or inorganic type of the rock.• type of materials(minerals)

SOIL EROSION

• Naturally occurring process• May be a slow process that relatively

unnoticeable • May occur at an alarming rate • Wind and water are its main agents

SOIL TYPE

• Type of strata• Type of mineral composition• Alluvial soil, clay soil• SA, SB, or SE type

Altitude

• This can be considered as elevation level• Elevation w.r.t sea level• For reference point

CLIMATIC PARAMETERS

• Wind direction• Temperature• Humidity (MC)• Atmospheric pressure

• Kious, Jacquelyne; Tilling, Robert I. (February 1996). "Developing the Theory". This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics. Kiger, Martha, Russel, Jane (Online ed.). Reston, Virginia, USA: United States Geological Survey. ISBN 0-16-048220-8. Retrieved13 March 2009.

• Jump up^ Kious, Jacquelyne; Tilling, Robert I. (February 1996). "Understanding Plate Motions".This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics. Kiger, Martha, Russel, Jane (Online ed.). Reston, Virginia, USA: United States Geological Survey. ISBN 0-16-048220-8. Retrieved 13 March 2009.

• Jump up^ Wegener, A. (1999). Origin of continents and oceans. Courier Corporation. ISBN 0-486-61708-4.

• Amelin, Y. (2002). "Lead Isotopic Ages of Chondrules and Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusions". Science 297 (5587): 1678. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1678A.doi:10.1126/science.1073950.

• Patterson, C. (1956). "Age of Meteorites and the Earth". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 10: 230–237. Bibcode:1956GeCoA..10..230P. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(56)90036-9.

• Dalrymple, G. Brent (1994). The age of the earth. Stanford, California: Stanford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-8047-2331-1.

• Reijer Hooykaas, Natural Law and Divine Miracle: The Principle of Uniformity in Geology, Biology, and Theology, Leiden: EJ Brill, 1963.

• Levin, Harold L. (2010). The earth through time (9th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley. p. 18.ISBN 978-0-470-38774-0.

References

•Thank You

ANY QUESTIONS