PRESENTED BYRICKY VINCENT1EP10ME083

MILITARY RADARS

EARLY DAYS OF EARLY DAYS OF RADARRADAR

EARLY DAYSEARLY DAYS

WW2 AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMSWW2 AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMS

How radar works- Short answerHow radar works- Short answer

NOMENCLATURENOMENCLATURE

CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

RADAR FREQUENCY BANDSRADAR FREQUENCY BANDS

STANDARD RADAR STANDARD RADAR BAND&TYPICAL USAGESBAND&TYPICAL USAGES

RADAR SYSTEMSRADAR SYSTEMS

SURVEILLANCE & FIRE CONTROL SURVEILLANCE & FIRE CONTROL RADARSRADARS

AIR BORNE RADARSAIR BORNE RADARS

INSTRUMENTATION RADARSINSTRUMENTATION RADARS

RADARRADARRRAAdio dio DDetection etection AAnd nd RRanginganging

Radar observables:•Target range•Target angles (azimuth &

elevation)•Target size (radar cross

section)•Target speed (Doppler)•Target features(imaging)

DETECTION OF SIGNALS IN NOISEDETECTION OF SIGNALS IN NOISE

RADAR DISPLAYRADAR DISPLAY

RADAR CROSS SECTIONRADAR CROSS SECTION

RADAR CLUTTERRADAR CLUTTER

Pulse Doppler ProcessingPulse Doppler Processing

ANTENNA –fundamentals & ANTENNA –fundamentals & patternspatterns

ANTENNA - OVERVIEWANTENNA - OVERVIEW

OVER THE HORIZON RADARSOVER THE HORIZON RADARS

ECM(electronic counter measures)ECM(electronic counter measures) measures)measures)

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMFUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

SIMPLIFIED TRACKING SIMPLIFIED TRACKING TASKSTASKS

RADAR TRACKING EXAMPLERADAR TRACKING EXAMPLE

UTILITY & +VE ATTRIBUTESUTILITY & +VE ATTRIBUTES

-VE / CHALLENGES-VE / CHALLENGES

DATA FLOW IN A TYPICAL MILITARY RADAR SYSTEM

Detection Using MTI processor and PPI Display

Automatic Target Tracking

Using joystick controlled marker

Identification By using the IFF Interrogator

Reporting to External Terminal Equipment PPI DISPLAY >

Target track data sent TDR of weapon system

• IFF Alarm

It alerts to operator that IFF code has to be changed

Data flow-weapon systemData flow-weapon systemTARGET DECODINGTARGET DECODING Receive & Decode Receive & Decode

PARALLAX CORRECTIONPARALLAX CORRECTION: x-y to pollar coordinates: x-y to pollar coordinates

THREAT EVALUATIONTHREAT EVALUATION: Display azimuthal angle of : Display azimuthal angle of threatning targetsthreatning targets

RADARS-- INDIARADARS-- INDIAIn India, the work on radar for the Armed Forces started during 1967-68 in Electronics In India, the work on radar for the Armed Forces started during 1967-68 in Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), a premier establishment of Defence and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), a premier establishment of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), in BANGALORE.Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), in BANGALORE.

3D surveillance radar for air force3D surveillance radar for air force

Battlefield Surveillance Radar (BFSR) 3D low-level lightweight radar Battlefield Surveillance Radar (BFSR) 3D low-level lightweight radar systemsystem

RADARS - INDIARADARS - INDIA

XtraVision (XV)-20043D surveillance radar onboard INS Dunagiri

Low-level lightweight radar system

INDIAN DEFENSE RADARSINDIAN DEFENSE RADARS

Modifications to Fire Control Radar AA No 3 Mk7Modifications to Fire Control Radar AA No 3 Mk7

Development of S-1000 Mk I radar based on CSF radarER370Development of S-1000 Mk I radar based on CSF radarER370

FAX Mk I radar for locating mortars and guns for artilleryFAX Mk I radar for locating mortars and guns for artillery

Battlefield Surveillance Radar (BFSR) for detectingBattlefield Surveillance Radar (BFSR) for detecting

moving men and vehiclesmoving men and vehicles

Indian Doppler Radar-I and II ,Phased Array Radar,Indian Doppler Radar-I and II ,Phased Array Radar,

Weapon Locating Radar (WLR), BFSR-SR, 3D-CentralWeapon Locating Radar (WLR), BFSR-SR, 3D-Central

Acquisition Radar (CAR), 3D Surveillance Radar for AirAcquisition Radar (CAR), 3D Surveillance Radar for Air

Force and Navy, 3D-Tactical Control Radar (TCR), LowlevelForce and Navy, 3D-Tactical Control Radar (TCR), Lowlevel

Lightweight Radar (LLLR), 3D LLLRLightweight Radar (LLLR), 3D LLLR

MILITARY APPLICATIONSMILITARY APPLICATIONSRadar is used for the multiple target detection.Radar is used for the multiple target detection.

Radar is used to direct the weapon to an intercept.Radar is used to direct the weapon to an intercept.

High-resolution imaging radars are used to detect fixed or moving High-resolution imaging radars are used to detect fixed or moving

targets in the battlefield.targets in the battlefield.

Radar is used for the guidance of the missile systems.Radar is used for the guidance of the missile systems.

Aiming guns at aircraft and ships. Bombing ships, aircraft or cities Aiming guns at aircraft and ships. Bombing ships, aircraft or cities

even during overcast or at night.even during overcast or at night.

Early warning regarding approaching aircraft or ships.Early warning regarding approaching aircraft or ships.

Searching for submarines, land masses and buoys.Searching for submarines, land masses and buoys.

CONCLUSION:Military radars are one of the most important requirements during the wartime, which can be used for early detection of ballistic missile and also for accurate target detection and firing. Radar system discussed here has a built in threat evaluation program which automatically puts the target in a threat sequence, and advises the weapon crew which target can be engaged first.Military reliance on radar system is essential & forever !

REFERENCES:1) Skolnik ‘Introduction to Radar Systems’ McGraw Hill2)Thomas, Daniel, Signal/Data Processing. Radar 101 Lecture Series . Syracuse Research Corporation, Syracuse. 6 Nov. 2001.3)Radar Detection of Landmines – Dr Y Yerima – A Paper Presented at the Faculty of Engineering Seminar, NDA May 2004.4)Schuman, Harvey, Antennas. Radar 101 Lecture Series. SyracuseResearch Corporation, Syracuse.5)Radar Principles, United States Navy Electrical Engineering Training Series.6)Microwave & Radar Engineering, by M. Kulkarni.

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