RENEWABLE ENERGY SCENARIO COMPARISON

USA- RUSSIA- FRANCE

Mohammad Alimuzzaman Md. Nazmul Hassan Shimul Dev Saha

TOTAL RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION

USA RUSSIA France0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Total Renewable Energy Production (In TWh)

AMOUNT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL POWER

GENERATION USA (13%)

Renewable Sources Other Sources

RUSSIA(10%)

Renewable Sources Other Sources

FRANCE (15%)

Renewable Sources Other Sources

FEATURES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SCENARIO

USA1. MOSTLY HYDROPOWER BASED

2. PHOTOVOLTAIC SOURCES ARE PREFERRED IN SOUTHERN WEST REGION

3. GEOTHERMAL SOURCES IN PREFERRED IN EASTERN TERRITORY

4. BIOFUEL GETS PREFERENCE IN MID-NORTH AND SOUTHERN-EAST REGION

RUSSIA1. NORTHERN RUSSIA- WIND AND

GEOTHERMAL

2. MID-RUSSIAN TERRITORY- HYDROELECTRICITY POWER

3. SOUTHERN RUSSIA-SOLAR AND WAVE POTENTIAL

FRANCE 1. PRINCIPLE RENEWABLE

SOURCE: HYDRAULIC

2. SECONDARY: WIND AND BIOMASS RESPECTIVELY

3. PHOTOVOLTAIC- ONLY 1%

USA SOURCE BASED RENEWABLE ENERGY MAP

RUSSIA SOURCE BASED RENEWABLE ENERGY MAP

FRANCE SOURCE BASED RENEWABLE ENERGY MAP

COMMERCIAL RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANTS

ASHDOWN PAPER MILL• OPERATED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY • ANNUAL PAPER PRODUCTION

CAPACITY OF 378,000 SHORT TON

IVANPAH ( LAS VEGAS)• SPREAD OVER 3,500 ACRES• OWNED BY NRG SOLAR, GOOGLE,

AND BRIGHT SOURCE ENERGY• THE LARGEST SOLAR THERMAL

PLANT

VEGAS SUNSHINE• COUPLED WITH THE 13.2-

MEGAWATT•  LARGEST SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC

SYSTEM IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

THE SALTON SEA POWER STATION IN CALIPATRIA, CALIFORNIA• HEAT FROM THE DEEP• LOCATED ON THE SOUTHERN END

OF THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT.

ENERGY FROM SEWAGE• GENERATING ELECTRICITY FOR ITS

SERVERS ENTIRELY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES

• SIEMENS IMPLEMENTED THE PILOT PROJECT TOGETHER WITH MICROSOFT AND FUEL CELL ENERGY

AZURA• US NAVY’S WAVE ENERGY TEST SITE

IN HAWAII• EXTRACTS ENERGY FROM BOTH THE

VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL MOTION OF THE WAVE

• GENERATES 20 KILOWATTS

ALTAMONT PASS WIND FARM• ONE OF THE EARLIEST WIND FARMS

IN THE US• ALMOST 5,000 RELATIVELY SMALL

WIND TURBINES

CENTRALE SOLAIRE DE CESTAS (FRANCE)• CAPACITY: 300 MWC

FRANCE TIDAL POWER STATION• INSTALLED CAPACITY: 240MW• ANNUAL CAPACITY: 500 GWH

SAYANO–SHUSHENSKAYA DAM ( RUSSIA) • INSTALLED CAPACITY: 6400 MW• ANNUAL CAPACITY: 23.5 TWH

THE GEYSERS• CAPACITY: 1517 MW• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

ENERGY MIX

r(FRANCE)

RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICYRENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY OF USA• DRIVEN BY SUPPLY SECURITY CONCERNS ON THE FEDERAL LEVEL

AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY• PRODUCTION TAX CREDIT (PTC) AND INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT

(ITC) : KEY FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS• STATE LEVEL RPS (RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD) FOR

UTILITIES : KEY POLICY COMPONENT• VOLUMETRIC EXCISE TAX CREDITS (VETC) FOR ADDRESSING THE

PRODUCTION AND USE OF LIQUID BIOFUELS

RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICYRENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY OF FRANCE• NATIONAL TARGET IS TO INCREASE THE SHARE OF RENEWABLES IN FINAL

CONSUMPTION TO 23 PERCENT BY 2020.• FRAMEWORK PROGRAM: GRENELLE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT: CAPACITY TARGETS

FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN 2020: 25,000 MW OF WIND, 6,000 MW OF WHICH IS OFFSHORE; 5,400 MW OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC; 2,300 MW OF BIOMASS; AND 3,000 MW OF HYDROELECTRIC FOR PEAK PERIODS.

• IMPLEMENTATION OF A SOLAR PLAN, AS FROM 2000, THROUGH TAX CREDIT (RAISED TO 50 PERCENT)

• AN “ALL RENEWABLE” BUDGET FOR THE CONSUMER• MORE THAN 85 PERCENT OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IS CO2-FREE(NUCLEAR

POWER)

RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY

RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY OF RUSSIA• REDUCING THE ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON CLIMATE CHANGE WHILE MEETING

GROWING ENERGY DEMAND;•  THE RATIONAL USE OF AVAILABLE FOSSIL FUELS;• MAINTAINING THE HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION; REDUCING

GOVERNMENT HEALTH EXPENDITURE; • REDUCING THE RATE OF INCREASE IN THE COSTS OF ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION

AND DISTRIBUTION AND RELATED• ELECTRICITY LOSSES; DIVERSIFYING THE COUNTRY’S FUEL AND ENERGY MIX;• ENHANCING SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLY THROUGH DECENTRALIZATION

TARIFF( US CENT/KWH)

USA RUSSIA FRANCE0

5

10

15

20

25

RISK FACTORS MAJOR RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS

USA• TOTAL INVESTMENT IN RENEWABLE POWER AND FUELS ROSE 17 PERCENT

IN 2011 TO $257 BILLION, A SIX-FOLD INCREASE OVER THE 2004 FIGURE AND NEARLY DOUBLE THE 2007 LEVEL(UNEP ESTIMATION)

• RENEWABLE SOURCES ACCOUNTED FOR ALMOST HALF THE ESTIMATED 208 GIGAWATTS OF ELECTRIC CAPACITY ADDED WORLDWIDE IN 2011, AND SUPPLIED AN ESTIMATED 20.3 PERCENT OF GLOBAL ELECTRICITY.

• RENEWABLE INVESTMENT SURGED 57 PERCENT TO $51 BILLION IN 2011, UNEP ESTIMATES.

RISK FACTORS FRANCE• NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING IS NOT BE ACTIVELY PLANNED• NEED COMPLETE REMOVAL OF THERMAL POWER: THE OBJECTIVE OF BEING AT 100%

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN FRANCE BY 2020. • HYDRAULIC CAPACITY: 29 GW (+3 GW BY 2020). THE WATER ACT MAY IMPOSE

RESTRICTIONS.• HYDRAULIC OR HYDRO POWER: EXPENSIVE TO BUILD, PLANTS HAVE A LONG PAY-BACK

PERIOD.• HYDRAULIC OR HYDRO POWER :EFFECT OF FLOODING AGRICULTURAL LAND,

DISPLACEMENT OF POPULATIONS AND ALTERATIONS IN LOCAL ECOSYSTEMS.• THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION: HEAT MAY DISRUPT THE ECOSYSTEM AND CREATE RISKS

OF MICRO-SEISMIC ACTIVITY. • BIOMASS : EXTENSIVE USE OF WOOD CAN CAUSE DEFORESTATION.

RISK FACTORS

RUSSIA• DECREE NO. 449 AMENDS THE WHOLESALE MARKET RULES BY EXEMPTING RENEWABLE

ENERGY :MAJOR CHALLENGE.• OBSTACLE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTORS ARISES FROM THE “ATTESTATION” OF

RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLATIONS• CAPACITY SUPPLY BY VARIABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLATIONS: ASSESSMENT OF

AVAILABILITY TO PRODUCE• LINK BETWEEN LOCAL CONTENT CLASSIFICATION AND REMUNERATION, THIS

REPRESENTS A SIGNIFICANT RISK OF REGULATORY UNCERTAINTY FOR INVESTORS.

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