05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Invited talk on

National Conference on Emerging Trends in Non Conventional Energy Resources “ETNCER 16”

Department of ECE, EE, Phy, Integral University22 Oct 16

Renewable Energy: A Key Element of Energy Mix for sustained growth and Energy Security

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Global Scenerio• Energy is fundamental to economic growth and environmental

sustainability of nation

• Approx 1 billion people (1/6 of world population) still have no access to electricity – most of them in Africa and Asia : which impact children’s education, public safety, services, and job creation.

• Approx 2.8 billion rely on wood /biomass for cooking and heating, a major contributor in carbon emission along with other fossil fuels which is a big environmental concern

Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Night time lighting Image

Green Colour is for energy consumption while red for population density Developed regions More night lime lighting

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_earth_at_night.jpg

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Word Energy Consumption/ population density

Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

Green Colour is for energy consumption while red for population density Developed nations More energy consumption https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Earth_lights_vs_population_density.png

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India Energy Consumption Vs population

Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

Gangatic belt has largest population density but less consumption of energy in comparison to other parts of india.

Gangatic belt is less developed than other regions of India

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Population and Energy share

population Share

%

Energy

Share %

Asia (excl India & China) 23.8 13.8

China 18.8 26.4India 17.2 7.7

Europe 16.2 15.5Africa 10 6.7

South America 8.6 7.4North America 4.8 21.2

Australia 0.6 1.3Asia (excl

India & China)

China India Europe Africa South America

North America

Australia0

5

10

15

20

25

30

23.8

18.8

17.2

16.2

10

8.6

4.8

0.6

13.8

26.4

7.7

15.5

6.7 7.4

21.2

1.3

population Share % Energy Share %

Most developed continent, North America consumes maximum energy in comparison to its population, while India, a developing nation, has less than half of energy share in comparison to its population https://yearbook.enerdata.net/

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Total energy consumption per capita KWH/year (2014)

Developed Economies Qatar 223154 Kuwait 113880 Canada 84057 United States 80716 Saudi Arabia 74267 Australia 65199 South Korea 61314 Russia 59441 Germany 45140 France 44815 Japan 41671 Switzerland 38562 United Kingdom 34753 Israel 34672

Developing Economies South Africa 30997 China 25983 Turkey 17835 Brazil 16781 Indonesia 9923 India 7073 North Korea 6776 Sri Lanka 5690 Pakistan 5542 Sudan 4374 Nepal 4315 Yemen 3778 Bangladesh 2515

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_energy_consumption_per_capita

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Total energy consumption per capita

A strong correlation between Energy consumption & Economic growth/ sustainability

Developed Nations High Energy Consumptions

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Social progress index vs Energy

Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

By Thomasjam - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=51509025

Litre oil per day per capita (Energy Equivalent)

1 koe = 11.63 kWh

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Social progress index vs Energy

A strong correlation between Energy consumption and Social Progress index

High Energy Consumptions High on Social Progress index

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Energy Security• Energy is key for growth and sustainable development of a nation.• Access to cheap energy is essential for modern economics. • Energy security is at the core of government policies.• Lack of energy security is linked to negative economic and social

impacts due to volatile/ non-competitive energy prices

IEA defines energy security as “the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price”

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Energy Security : Indian context•India is a nation 1/5 world population.•Indian economy is projected to grow at 7-8 %. •India is mostly fossil-fuel-driven energy economy•India is heavily dependent of oil imports; mostly from middle east (60%).•India has significant coal reserves.•India is solar rich country

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India Power sector ScenarioCurrent Installed Capacity 305.55 GW (31 Aug 16)• Total Thermal 212. 57 GW Coal 186. 59 GW Gas 25.06 GW Oil 0.92 GW• Hydro (Renewable) 42.97 GW• Nuclear 5.78 GW• REST Wind , Solar, Biomass 44.24 GW• Fossil based power generation (nearly 2/3) is a major source for

carbon emission along with fossil fuel used in transport, agriculture and diesel generators

• High carbon emission is a great concern as it adversely affects environment and endangers human life on earth

Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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India Power sector Scenario

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Energy Need (BU)Energy Supply (BU)

Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

cea.nic.in

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India Power sector Scenario

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-160

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200Energy Need (BU) Linear (Energy Need (BU))

Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Demand Sector projected to next 30 years maximum clean and renewable energy path

http://iess2047.gov.in/

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Demand Sector projected to next 30 years maximum clean and renewable energy path

2012 2047Transport 6000 km/yr

929 TWh/yr14000 km/yr2975 TWh/yrRoad 79 % Rail 19% Air 1%

Industry 2370 TWh/yr 7122 TWh/yr

Buildings 238 TWh/yr 1549 TWh/yr

Cooking 1073 TWh/yr 410 TWh/yr (43% LPG, 38% Electricity, 15 % Biogas)

Agriculture 237 TWh/yr 543 TWh/yr for tractorsPumps work on electricity (75% ) /solar (25%)

Telecom 83 TWh/yr 66 TWh/yr 85% of rural/ 57 % of urban telecom towers shift to solar/wind

http://iess2047.gov.in/

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Supply Sector projected to next 30 years maximum clean and renewable energy path

http://iess2047.gov.in/

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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India : Energy security

Long term Energy Security aims• Reduce dependence on single source of imported energy• Increase suppliers and secure transportation• Focus on exploiting native fossil fuel & renewable energy and

alternate fuel to reduce import dependence.• Focus on energy conservation, energy efficiency to reduce overall

demand

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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India : Energy securityFor improving energy mix towards clean energy, to reduce import bills and improve energy security, India has set ambitious target for renewable energy of 175 GW till 2022.

Renewable energy sources; solar. Wind, biomass are environment friendly and very promising for obtaining energy security.

o Renewable energy sources has challenges of storage, variability, grid balancing and need backup.

o Although cost of renewable energy has become affordable, adding storage may double the cost.

05/02/2023 Dr Naim R Kidwai, Professor & Dean Engineering, JIT Jahangirabad

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Focus research areas

• Cost reduction of renewable energy sources• Innovations in Energy Storage / Batteries• Developing micro grid /Local Applications• Fuel shift designs & fuel shift in Applications• Enhancing Energy Efficiency • Grid balancing

Along with above dimensions, research on renewable energy be focused on • Enhanced functionality • Ergonomics / Aesthetic design of applications• Modular designs• Serviceability