PROTECTIVE COATING

Name-parashuram prakash kavchat

College-sree ramchandra college of engineering

Roll no.40

INDEX Plastering type-

limecement GypsumPlaster of paris(application)

Pointing- Purpose & type

Morter- preperation and type

Painting and vernishes Type and application

INDEX White washing

Detempering

Oil paint

Wall cladding- Material and method

Wall prepering

Glazing work

LIME PLASTERINGWhen lime is used as the binding materials, it is called lime plaster.

Lime plaster is type of plaster composed of hydrated lime, sand and water. Lime plaster is similar to Lime mortar, the main difference is the based on use rather than composition. Hydraulic lime is harder and stronger .Mortar for lime plaster is usually prepared by mixing sand and lime in equal proportions. Cement is small quantity added to the mixture to improve its strength.

LIME PLASTER

CEMENT PLASTERWhen cement is used as the binding materials, it is called cement plaster. It is especially suited for damp condition.

Cement plaster is usually applied in one coat. The thickness of coat can be 12mm, 15mm or 20mm depending upon the site conditions and type of building. When the thickness of plaster is more than 15mm. 6 MM thickness of cement plaster and cement mortar 1:3 or 1:4 is recommended for cement plastering on RCC surfaces

PICTURE OF CEMENT PLASTER

GIPSUM PLASTER This plaster is made from a mixture of

lime and gypsum. It is found in layer form.This layer is

usually huge in size which make it suitable for any ceiling situation.

It have good sound insulation and air proof but tend to broken or crack.

GIPSUM PLASTER

PLASTER OF PARIS If plaster or gypsum is heated above

266 °F (130 °C), anhydrite is formed, which will also re-form as gypsum if mixed with water. A largegypsum deposit at Montmartre in Paris led "calcined gypsum" (roastedgypsum or gypsum plaster) to be commonly known as "plaster of Paris".

APPLICATION OF PLASTER OF PARIS 1. At high temperatures gypsum loses all

the water of crystallization to give anhydrous calsium sulphate.2. It is used in manufacture of H2SO4.3. It is used in making of cement.4. It is used in the preparation of moulds used In surgery and castings.

POP was used in the immediate management of Open fractures until the evolution of external fixator. It has also been used in the management of neuropathic joints and diabetic ulcers

APPLICATION OF PLASTER OF PARIS It is used in the correction of deformities

like fixed flexion deformity of the knee. Plaster of Paris is used in postoperative

immobilisation and also in the management of some amputees. Casting over stumps has allowed immediate rehabilitation using prosthesis

POINTING Finishing of mortar joints in masonry. In exposed masonry joints are

weakest parts. Pointing consists of raking of joints to

a depth of 10 to 20 mm

TYPES OF POINTING1. Flush Pointing2. Keyed or grooved pointing3.Recessed pointing4. Weathered Pointing5. V pointing or bucket handle 6. Beaded pointing7. Tuck pointing 8. Struck pointing

MORTAR.• Mortars are usually named according to the

binding material used in their preparation.• They are essentially required for masonry

work, plastering and pointing etc. FUNCTIONS OF MORTAR:• To bind together the bricks or stones properly

so as to provide strength to the structure.• To form a homogenous mass of the structure

so as to resist all the loads coming over it without disintegration.

• To provide a weather resisting i.e., a durable layer between the different courses of masonry in the structure.• To hold coarse aggregate together in any concrete

so as to form a solid mass. The mortar used in a concrete is termed as matrix.• To do pointing and plastering to the structure. The

mortar used for plastering is known as plaster.• To fill up empty joints in brick and stone masonry.

The mortar used for such purposes is a thin liquid mortar which is termed as grout and the process is known as grouting.

PREPERATION OF MORTARS• The sands and the cement have to be

thoroughly mixed by hand or in a mechanical mixer before adding any water - do not use dirty water, or water from puddles or ponds, as this could impair the final strength of the mortar.

• Similarly, keep any sugar-containing liquids, such as soft drinks, well away from the mix - sugar, even in small amounts, seriously impairs the setting ability of the cement

•When mixing by hand, the sands and cement are heaped up on a mixing board or in a wheelbarrow and repeatedly turned over and over until thoroughly mixed.

•The color of the dry mix will change as the cement is distributed throughout - there should be no 'streaking' of cement, and no clumps of pure sand or pure cement.

•Once the dry ingredients are mixed, the water can be added. Mortar for Wide Joints

2 x Building Sand plus2 x Grit Sand plus1 x cement

•If any additives are being used, such as a plasticizer or a frost-proofer, they are normally added to the water, and then mixed in, rather than being directly added to the dry ingredients.

•A "well" is formed in the centre of the mixed heap, water added to it and then folded in.• More water is added a bit at a time and folded in until the required consistency is attained.

•This should be when the mortar is thoroughly mixed but is able to stand in peaks, like whipped cream; too wet and it just makes a mess, too dry and it's almost impossible to work.

•When using a mechanical mixer, add half a bucket (2 or 3 liters) of clean cold water to the empty drum before adding the dry ingredients in sequence.• Add 4 measures of sand then 1 of cement, followed by 4 sand, then another cement and so on until the required quantity is in the mixer. •This ensures a more thorough mix than adding, say, 20 measures of sand and then 5 measures of cement. •Again, the water is added to the revolving drum once the dry ingredients are thoroughly blended, a bit at a time until the required consistency is achieved.

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TYPES OF MORTAR Cement mortar: Lime mortar: Light weight mortar: Fire resistant mortar: Mud mortar:

For wide joints in paving or for stonework, either as paving or as walling, a coarser mortar is often preferred - replace half of the building/soft sand with grit/sharp sand. You will probably find that a coarse mortar such as this requires less gauging water to achieve a working consistency than does a bricklaying/general purpose mortar

PAINTS AND VARNISHES Paints

Paints are used to protect metals, timber, or plastered surfaces from the corrosive effects of weather, heat, moisture or gases etc and to improve their appearance

CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS: Plastic Paints Cement Paints Water Paints Distemper Paints Aluminum paints Anti-corrosive paints Asbestos paints Bituminous paints Bronze paints Cellulose paints Casein paints Cement based paints Enamel paints Oil paints Rubber base paints

PROPERTIES OF PAINTThere are a number of ways to judge

paint quality: Wear ability Covering ability Ease of cleaning Protection of the substrate Environmentally Friendly Aesthetic Practical and Cost Effective

COMPOSITION OF PAINTS Fundamental components of an oil-

based paint are:

Body Vehicle Pigment Thinner Dryer

DEFECTS IN PAINTINGFading: ●The gradual loss of color is known as

fading. This may be due to the effect of sun rays.

Flaking or Peeling ●Due to the poor adhesion, paint may peel

off from the surface.Blistering: ●This is caused by water vapour, which is

trapped behind the painted surface. It may occur due to imperfect seasoning of timber.

VARNISH

A transparent solution of resinous substance in linseed oil, turpentine or in alcohol is called varnish

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD VARNISH●It should dry rapidly.●It should form a hard film on drying.●It should not crack on drying.●It should be durable and weather

resistant.●It should give uniform and pleasing

appearance.●It should not hide the natural grains

of the inner surface of timber

CLADDING Cladding is an exterior finishing system

meant to protect the underlying structure (like a home) and provide an aesthetically appealing finish.

How long it lasts depends on the type of cladding, but most cladding systems are quite durable and last up to 50 years.

TYPES OF CLADDING1. Stone cladding2. Timber cladding3. Weatherboard cladding4. Fiber cement cladding5. Brick cladding6. Vinyl cladding7. Metal cladding