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Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Prior to the Pump:How we Find and Extract Oil
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Agenda
Overview
Finding the Reservoir
The Drilling Phase
Formation Evaluation
Producing the Reservoir
Looking Forward
Conclusion
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
OVERVIEW
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
The Oil Industry
Downstream Midstream Upstream
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Dissecting Upstream
Reservoir
Characterization
Drilling
Production
Life Cycle
of a Well
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
FINDING THE RESERVOIR
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Seismic
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Seismic
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Correlating
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
THE DRILLING PHASE
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
The Rig
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Drilling Program
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Measurements While Drilling
• Set of tri-axial accelerometers and magnetometers measure direction
• Collar mounted strain gauge to measure weight on bit, torque, and torsional vibration
• Turbine assembly powers MWD and LWD tools
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Casing and Cementing
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
FORMATION EVALUATION
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Open Hole
Formation type is determined by the amount of naturally occurring gamma rays read by a detector
Resistivity is measured by shifts in attenuation and phase shift properties in an electromagnetic field sent into the formation
Density is determined by bombarding the formation with radioactive waves and measuring the energy of the waves returning
Porosity is determined by bombarding the formation with neutrons and counting how many return from the formation
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Open Hole
MDT
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Cased Hole
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
PRODUCING THE RESERVOIR
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Well Stimulation
• Pump viscous fluids downhole to break the rock
• Want to increase permeability
• Can be mechanically or chemically driven
• Ultimate goal is to create infinite conductivity
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Artificial Lift
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Can recover up to 60% of the reservoir
Injection Wells• Gas• Water• Thermal
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
LOOKING FORWARD
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Why Unconventional Oil Sources?
Predicted World Oil Supply (million bbl/d)
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2010
Presented by Megan Hughes, SWE ‘12 Conference,, Nov 8, 2012
Conclusion
• The oil industry is split into three main categories
• There is a tremendous amount of technology involved upstream
• This technology and more will be needed to fuel the world’s oil demand
