Prashant Shukla ppt on NTPC Anta

A PRESENTATION

Gas Power Plant

From

NTPC Anta (RAJASTHAN)

Submitted To:

EI&CE Depart.

Monday 31 july2015 1

Submitted by:Prashant Shukla

12EEAEI038

TOPICS TO BE COVERED

• Introduction

• Gas turbine

• Start-up And Applications of Gas Turbines

• Applications of Gas Turbine

• Turbine Protections

• Measurements in Power Plant

• Power evacuation


INTRODUCTION NTPC NTPC Limited is the largest power generating company of India.

A public sector company, it was incorporated in the year 1975 to accelerate power

development in the country as a wholly owned company of the Government of India.

Largest thermal power generating company of India.

Sixth largest thermal power generator in the world.

Second most efficient utility in terms of capacity utilizations.

One of the nine PSUs to be awarded the status of Navratna.

Provides power at the cheapest average tariff in the country

Anta national gas power project is the first combined cycle power project by NTPC .

The installed capacity is 419.33 MW with 3 GAS TURBINE units of 88.71 MW each

and 1 STEAM TURBINE Unit combined cycle with a capacity of 153.2 MW.Fuel is used Natural Gas and Alternate Fuel is used Naphtha.


GAS TURBINE

Gas Turbine is a heat engineThe Process Includes:

Compression :Drawing air into the engine, pressurizing it, and then feeding it to the

combustion chamber.

Combustion :typically made up of a ring of fuel injectors that inject a steady stream of fuel

into combustion chambers where it mixes with the air. The combustion

produces a high temperature, high pressure gas stream that enters and expands

through the turbine section.

Expansion:

of the product of combustion in a turbine.Monday 31 july2015 4


Start-up of the GT is driven with the help of starting equipment which runs the

generator as a motor with speed increasing from 0 to 600rpm. At this speed a pilot

flame is ignited in the combustion chamber, fuel (gas/naphtha) enters and

combustion takes place.

The speed increases further both with the help of generator motoring and the

combustion of fuel up to about 2000 rpm. At this speed starting equipment is

switched off and only the generator is made ready for synchronization with the

grid. After synchronizations, the turbine load increases up to base load with more

and more fuel entering the combustion chamber.

Start-up of the Gas Turbine


Applications of Gas Turbine

Conventional applications are:

Simple cycle operation.

Combined cycle operation.

Electric utility companies use gas turbine predominantly in simple cycle and

combined cycle applications.

Combined cycle operation is much efficient than open cycle operation.


Simple Cycle Operation

A simple cycle operation turbine(SCCT) is a type of gas turbine most frequently

used in the power generation, aviation (jet engine), and oil and gas industry

(electricity generation and mechanical drives).


Combined Cycle Power Plant

The Combustion Turbine

Natural gas is mixed with air and burned in the combustion chamber to create the high

pressure gasses needed to spin a turbine. This part of the plant is a single cycle,

combustion turbine. These are sometimes called CTs. CTs are normally designed to

meet peak loads.

A combined cycle power plant is a dual cycle plant. The "2nd" part of the combined

cycle is a heat recovery unit. It takes advantage of the energy in the exhaust gasses to

create steam. The steam spins a steam turbine to generate additional electricity. The

combined cycle plants are normally designed to meet base and intermediate loads.

The Combined Cycle Plant


The turbine protection system can be actuated by any of the following trip

systems :

-- Hydraulic trip system

-- Electrical trip system

Lub oil pressure low

Bearing Tempearature high

Exhaust pressure high

Overspeed trip

Exhaust temp high

Fire protection

Generator trip leading to turbine tripMonday 31 july2015 10

Measurements in Power Plant

Pressure

Level

Flow

Temperature

Electrical measurement Instruments

- Ammeter (Current)

- Voltmeter (voltage)

Flue gas measurements (e.g. O2, CO, Sox/ Nox)

Vibration measurement


Pressure Measurement

Electronic Pressure transmitter:

Gives analog output 4-20 mA proportional to pressure value.

Pressure switch:

Digital output if pressure is more/less than a particular value.

Pressure indicator:

Indicate pressure value locally.

Pressure Measurement Devices are:

Bellows

Bourdon tube

Diaphragms


A: C-shaped Bourdon tube

B: a helical Bourdon tube

C: Flat diaphragm

D: convoluted diaphragm

E: capsule

F: a set of bellowsMonday 31 july2015 13

FLOW MEASUREMENT

Differential pressure flow meters

Electromagnetic flow meters

Ultrasonic flow meters


DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE FLOW METERS

The basic operating principle :

The pressure drop across the meter is proportional to the square of the flow rate.

The flow rate is obtained by measuring the pressure differential and extracting the square root.

ORIFICE

VENTURI

NOZZLE

PITOT TUBE


ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW METER

When a liquid conductor moves in a pipe having a diameter (D) and travels with an

average velocity (V) through a magnetic field of B intensity, it will induce a

voltage (E) according to the relationship:

E = C B D V


TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

THERMOMETER

RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR

THERMOCOUPLES

TEMPERATURE GAUGE

Temperature cannot be measured directly but must be measured by

observing the effect that temperature variation causes on measuring

devices


RESISTANCE THERMOMETER

The resistance of a conductor changes when its temperature is changed. This property is

utilised to measure the temperature.

The change in resistance of the material per deg C should be as large as possible.

The resistance should have a continuous and stable relation with temperature.


THERMOCOUPLES

It is based on SEEBACK effect which says that when heat is applied to a junction of

two dissimilar metals an EMF is generated which can be measured at the other

junction . By this way temperature is measured.


LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Differential Pressure transmitter

Level is measured through Electronic DP transmitter

Ultrasonic level transmitter

Level is measured by ultrasonic transmitter mounted on the top of thetank

Guided wave radar type level transmitter

Generally used for low pressure application

Hydrastep

Most commonly used for Boiler drum measurement


ULTRASONIC LEVEL TRANSMITTER

Ultrasonic level instruments operate on the principle of using sound waves todetermine fluid level. The frequency range for ultrasonic methods is ~20–200 kHz.

A top-of-tank mounted transducer directs waves downward in bursts onto the surfaceof the material whose level is to be measured.

Echoes of these waves return to the transducer, which performs calculations toconvert the distance of wave travel into a measure of level in the tank. A piezoelectriccrystal inside the transducer converts electrical pulses into sound energy that travelsin the form of a wave at the established frequency and at a constant speed in a givenmedium.


SWAS

Water Treatment Plant.

Measurements of Direct & After-cation Condy.,

Measurement of Sodium, Reactive Silica.

Measurement of pH.

for different stages of the plant.


Power Evacuation From NTPC ANTA

There are total six 220 kv transmission lines for evacuation of power generated at Anta.Two lines for Bhilwara,

Two lines for Jaipur and

one line for Kota and

one line for Rawatbhata power plant


I have studied about the power plant, especially in ANTA. Studiedabout gas power plant, especially natural gas could be used forpower generation in gas power plant. It is very economical but lessefficient. Mainly methane (CH4) is used as fuel. It is very profitable incase of pollution. It is very less polluted.


CONCLUSION


Engineering

Prashant Shukla ppt on NTPC Anta