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• Improving the ability of this renewable energy in Libya by meeting the energy requirements to heat the water of a public building (mosque’s water) for normal day usage.
• Libyan citizen awareness through this project to justify the need for the use of this type of systems that use the sun as an energy source.
• Design each part of the system.
• Fabricate each part of the system.
• Study each part of the system.
• analysis each part of the system.
The principle object of the passive solar water heating project is to:
Review basics of Solar Water Heating process
Area: 1.7 Million square kilometers
Population: 6.5 Million
Main resources: Oil and gas !
There are basically two types of water heating open circle systems:
Passive Systems. Active Systems.
COLLECTOR CONSTRUCTION COSTS 1400 LYD
COLLECTOR CONSTRUCTION COSTS 1400 LYD
TANK CONSTRUCTION COSTS 200 LYD
SUPPORT STAND CONSTRUCTION 200 LYD
TANK CONSTRUCTION COSTS 200 LYD
COLLECTOR CONSTRUCTION COSTS 1400 LYD
SUPPORT STAND CONSTRUCTION 200 LYD
TANK CONSTRUCTION COSTS 200 LYD
COLLECTOR CONSTRUCTION COSTS 1400 LYD
+ 1200 LYD CURREBTED DESGHNS
results on 15th April 2014
start stop
0
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1200
21:36:00 03:36:00 09:36:00 15:36:00 21:36:00 03:36:00
Irra
dia
tio
n (
w/m
^2
)
14.3
20.6
15.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
21:36:00 03:36:00 09:36:00 15:36:00 21:36:00 03:36:00
am
bie
nt
tem
pe
ratu
re (
C*)
Time
Instantaneous efficiency curve based on gross area and mean temperature of heat transfer
y = -7.9955x + 0.7291
R² = 0.9736
y = -6.2599x + 0.5662
R² = 0.9716
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090 0.100
ETA
[%]
GR
OSS A
REA
T*M
Instantaneous efficiency curve based on Absorber area and mean temperature of heat transfer
y = -8.5243x + 0.7689
y = -7.0138x + 0.6333
0%
10%
20%
30%
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50%
60%
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90%
100%
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10
TM*SAN-GAKK collector arrayes collector Linear (SAN-GAKK collector) Linear (arrayes collector)
1. Collector siting
2. Collector orientation
3. Collector tilt
4. Collector shading
RESULTS ON 11th May 2014 FROM 06:00 AM TO 06:00 AM NEXT DAY
1719.521
24
31
4751
6459
6467
6157 57
5248.8
3531
28 28 28 28 26 26 25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
6:00 AM 10:48 AM 3:36 PM 8:24 PM 1:12 AM 6:00 AM 10:48 AM
TEM
PER
ATU
RE (
*C )
TIME
Tt,in°C Tst,out°C Taux t,out °C
50 50 50 50 49 50 5154 54 54 54 55 56 56 54 53 51 51 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
6:00 AM 10:48 AM 3:36 PM 8:24 PM 1:12 AM 6:00 AM 10:48 AM
TEM
PER
ATU
RE (
*C )
TIME
Tt,in°C Tst,out°C Taux t,out °C
17 1821
21.8 22.4 23.5 22 21 1917.5 17.3 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9
0
10
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6:00 AM 10:48 AM 3:36 PM 8:24 PM 1:12 AM 6:00 AM 10:48 AM
TEM
PER
ATU
RE (
*C )
TIME
Tt,in°C Tst,out°C Taux t,out °C
14.1
31
45
66
73.877.2
79.976
72
64
48
30
20.2 20 18.5 17.415 13.7
0
10
20
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6:00 AM 10:48 AM 3:36 PM 8:24 PM 1:12 AM 6:00 AM 10:48 AM
TEM
PER
ATU
RE (
*C )
TIME
Tp,1 °C Tp,2 °C Tp,3 °C T(p-g) °C Ta °C Tg °C
RESULTS ON 11th May 2014 FROM 06:00 AM TO 06:00 AM NEXT DAY
14.114.8
26
37
5964.4
68 69 70 69
63
55.4
38.7
26
20 19.8 18.3 16.914.5 13.7
0
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6:00 AM 10:48 AM 3:36 PM 8:24 PM 1:12 AM 6:00 AM 10:48 AM
TEM
PER
ATU
RE (
*C )
TIME
Tp,1 °C Tp,2 °C Tp,3 °C T(p-g) °C Ta °C Tg °C
14.114.5
23
36
5659
6367.2
64
58
46.3
34.35
2420.2 19.7 18.2 16.2 14.2 14.2
0
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90
6:00 AM 10:48 AM 3:36 PM 8:24 PM 1:12 AM 6:00 AM 10:48 AM
TEM
PER
ATU
RE (
*C )
TIME
Tp,1 °C Tp,2 °C Tp,3 °C T(p-g) °C Ta °C Tg °C
14.114.5
21
29
5255
5961
60.1 59
48
37.4
2622
19 18.818.517.316.715.914.7 13 13 13.713.7
0
10
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6:00 AM 10:48 AM 3:36 PM 8:24 PM 1:12 AM 6:00 AM 10:48 AM
TEM
PER
ATU
RE (
*C )
TIME
Tp,1 °C Tp,2 °C Tp,3 °C T(p-g) °C Ta °C Tg °C
1520
26.832 32 32 33.3
24.220 18.3 17.2
14.5 14 14
0
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6:00 AM 10:48 AM 3:36 PM 8:24 PM 1:12 AM 6:00 AM 10:48 AM
TEM
PER
ATU
RE (
*C )
TIME
Tp,1 °C Tp,2 °C Tp,3 °C T(p-g) °C Ta °C Tg °C
15 16
17 19
24.5 26.828
24.822.5
19.7 19.5 18 16 14 14 14
0
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90
6:00 AM 10:48 AM 3:36 PM 8:24 PM 1:12 AM 6:00 AM 10:48 AM
TEM
PER
ATU
RE (
*C )
TIME
Tp,1 °C Tp,2 °C Tp,3 °C T(p-g) °C Ta °C Tg °C
0 0 0 0
1.2
3
1.1
2.3
6
0 0
7.58
3.054
0
2.52
5.33
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.81.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6:0
0 A
M
7:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
9:0
0 A
M
10
:00 A
M
11
:00 A
M
12
:00 P
M
1:0
0 P
M
2:0
0 P
M
3:0
0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
5:0
0 P
M
6:0
0 P
M
7:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
9:0
0 P
M
10
:00 P
M
11
:00 P
M
12
:00 A
M
1:0
0 A
M
2:0
0 A
M
3:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
5:0
0 A
M
6:0
0 A
M
M,I
N (
KG
)
TIME
0
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700
6:0
0 A
M
7:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
9:0
0 A
M
10
:00 A
M
11
:00 A
M
12
:00 P
M
1:0
0 P
M
2:0
0 P
M
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0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
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0 P
M
6:0
0 P
M
7:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
9:0
0 P
M
10
:00 P
M
11
:00 P
M
12
:00 A
M
1:0
0 A
M
2:0
0 A
M
3:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
5:0
0 A
M
6:0
0 A
M
E(W
)
TIME
0
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12000
Qg (Aux,t) (KJ) 9881.32
Qg (s,t) (KJ) 10233.028
Q g, USER (KJ) 4855.492233
9881.3210233.028
4855.492233
QL (p-a) (KJ) 4475.880079
QL (Aux,t-a) (KJ) 4057.465484
QL (s,t-a) (KJ) 1539.757018
4475.880079
4057.465484
1539.757018
1.4761041341.599835841
2.1615700952.119713417
1.915165224
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
TOP
LO
SS C
OEFFIC
IEN
T W
*M^
2*K
PLATE TEMPERATURE (C)
U Top
U Top Linear (U Top)
78.91252698
171.0544482
580.3556317
501.7080452
414.2471142
0
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700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Q P
LATE
TO
AIR
LO
SS (K
J)
PLATE TEMPERATURE (C)
0 0 0 0 1.2 3 1.1 2.3 6 0 0 7.58 3.054 0 2.5
0%
100% 100% 100%
66%
87%
100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
So
lar
fra
ctio
n (
%)
mass flow(Kg)
Tp(°C) Ta (°C) Tt,in (°C) Tst,out (°C) Taux t,out (°C) Q LOST (KJ) Q GAINED (KJ) SF
34.3 19.7 19.4 39.8 51.7 403 998.8 80%
From the practical of fabrication and analysis of thermosyphon solar water heating system, I
have learned that how to design the solar water heater for public buildings such as mosques
The prototype of thermosyphon SWHs was constructed using common workshop tools and
machines, that’s a good advantage of this work.
The results give us an idea about the collector’s performance and the collector’s ability to
produce thermal heat to heat the water of the solar storage tank.
Results indicate that the design of the thermosiphon solar water heating system was a success
and satisfactory.
Solar water heating utilizing thermosiphon is attractive, because it eliminates the need for a
circulating pump.We can extract the fact that in hot climates e.g. (Libya) where solar energy is available and
freezing is not a problem, utilizing the solar water heating system using flat plate collector is a
much better option to achieve our purposes, due to its simpler design, and easier installation.
Creation of pulsating flow to investigate its effect on the thermal performance of the collector.
Providing the means to measure solar radiation and wind speed and prefers to be in the same level brighten
solar collector during the test to Estimating the actual performance of thermosyphon solar water heating
system.
Conduct studies on the economic returns of the solar heater.
Reduction of heat losses from the system by using more advance thermal insulation of all components of the
system.
Further work could be contacted upon the aluminium net inserted inside the pipes. This can be accomplished
by folding the net in order to have two or three turns or even to a spiral shaped profile that could probably
contribute more heat to the working fluid. Also the application of metallic foams of different porosities.
