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A PRESENTATION

ON SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC CELL

& ELECTRONIC MILK TESTER

RAHUL SHARMA

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY E.I&C DEPARTMENT RAHUL SHARMA

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CONTENT INTRODUCTION ABOUT REIL WHY SOLAR ENERGY SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC MODULE HOW PV CELL WORK BLOCK DIAGRAM MANUFACTURING PROCESS FLOW CHART OF SPV MODULE ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE ELECTRONIC MILK TESTER PRINCIPLE FEATURE OPTICAL MILK ANALYZER

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INTRODUCTION

o REIL Is Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd.

It Is A Public Sector Unit (Psu). o It Was Established In 1981.

Reil Has Joint Profession Between The

Government Of India & The Government Of

Rajasthan, Through Their Personal Institution.

Government Of India And Government Of

Rajasthan Holds51% And 49 % Share In This

Company Respectively. 1-9-

2015

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WHY SOLAR ENERGY

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It is Free.

It is Clean.

It is Infinitely renewable.

It can reduce our utility cost.

It increases our energy self reliance.

It is extremely reliable.

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SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC MODULE

PRINCIPLE OF SPV:-

Spv work on photoelectric effect.

Absorb photons of light and release electrons.When these electrons are captured, an electric current is produced that can be used as electricity.

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Connected Assembly Of Solar Cells.

Output Of 0.5 - 0.6 Volt DC. Output Current Depends On

Area Of The Cell And The Amount Of Light Falling.

So Efficiency Is Determined By The Area Of A Module.

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HOW PV CELLS WORK?

Composed of ultra-thin layer of N type silicon on top of a thicker layer of P type silicon.

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n-type semiconductor

p-type semiconductor

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Physics of Photovoltaic Generation

Depletion Zone

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS OFSPV MODULES

Tabbing Of Cells:-Process of making terminal of a bare cell by soldering copper strips to

the bus bar.

Tabbing of cells

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Row Making:-A row of cells is made by connecting

Positive surfaces of one cell to negative

Sueface of another cell.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Stringing:-The row of cell are connected in series to

Get desired power rating.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Lay-up:-In this process, solar cells are put in between

Various layers for lamination and curing process.

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Tupper Glass

EVA sheet Solar Cells EVA

sheetMounting plate Height & Angle

adjustment support

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MANUFACTURING FLOW CHART OF SPV CELL

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Lamination:-The above laminating materials are attached to the string on both

sides by the process of lamination. This

process takes place at 110oc in laminator .

Curing:-This process comes after the lamination to

attain the full strength of laminating materials. For this, the module is placed

into 120oc temperature for 20 minutes.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Trimming:-The resultant module from curing process has some extra laminating materials. These materials are then cut and the final module is then

obtained.

Electrical inspection:- This inspection is done to check

the output performance of the

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ADVANTAGE

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Having no moving parts. Expandable. Requires (sunlight) is free. No minimum maintenance. Have long service lifetimes (upto 20 years). Transportable. There is no noise pollution or any othe type of

pollution.

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DISADVANTAGE

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High cost. Large surface area.Doesn’t work at night.

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ELECTRONIC MILK TESTER

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PRINCIPLE

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Electron milk tester is based on the photometric

measurement of light scattered by the milk sample. The

light is scattered by the fat globules, acting as small

prism.

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FEATURES

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Auto zero facility Easy to read digital LED display Runs on mains or batteries Measures up to 13% fat Accepts small sample volume Performs 120-150 test per hour Automatic switch over to battery in case of power failure Cheapest method of milk testing .

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OPTICAL MILK ANALYZER:-

The optical milk analyzer works on the principle of photometric measurement of light. Measure milk density accurately. Result is displayed quickly on a display after temperature correction. Read-out by the user. Displays FAT,density,water, temperature and SNF% on optical milk analyzer LCD. Option for display of CLR is also available.

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CONCLUSION

The summer training in reil played an important role to develop myself. It was a golden opportunity for me to get the practical knowledge and hands-on experience from the things about which i had theoretical knowledge from the course schedule.

As the organization follows the iso 9001 standards, everything is done in a particular way following the documents. In addition I gained knowledge about the working principle of solar cells and the various applications in which they are used.

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THANK YOU!!!

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