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WELCOME
1
2
PROJECT GROUP NO-03
WORK BENCH NO-05
ISO9001:2000 INSTITUTEBangalore-560100
Department Of ElectronicsA Project Presentation On:
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT
CONTROLLER 3
PROJECT ASSOCIATES
[NEC 0413064]
[NEC0413076]M.PREM KUMAR
M.RAVINDRA SAI [NEC 0413069]
MELIMI KAVYA [NEC 0413067]
M.SIVA RAMA KRISHNA [NEC 0413077]
KUMARI ANANYA
5
PROJECT GUIDE: Ms. PREETHI
PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR: Mr. SARAVANA
INDEX
OBJECTIVEINTRODUCTIONBLOCK DIAGRAMBLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTIONCIRCUIT DIAGRAMCIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTIONADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESLIMITATIONSAPPLICATIONS
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
6
OBJECTIVE:
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
7
Ensure the saving of electrical energy Shows the number of persons inside the room
INTRODUCTION: Usually when a person enters the room in
darkness, we find it difficult to locate the wall-mounted switch board to switch “on” the light.
For a stranger it is tougher still as he has no knowledge of the correct switch to be turned on.
Here is our reliable circuit that takes over the task of switching “on” and switching “off” the light automatically when somebody enters or leaves the room during darkness. The circuit has following salient features:
It turns “on” the room light whenever a person enters the room, provided that the room light is insufficient. If more than one person enters the room, say, one after the other, the light remains “ON”.
The light turns “OFF” only when the room is vacant (or) in other words, when all the persons who entered the room have left.
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:
1. POWER SUPPLY UNIT:Power Supply Unit provides DC supply to ICs and components.
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
STEP DOWNTRANSFORMER
0V-09V
RECTIFIERDIODE
FILTERCAPACITOR
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
IC 7805
230V, 50Hz 5V, 500mA AC Mains Constant DC
09VAC Pulsating DC Pure DC (Removes Ripples)
TRANSFORMER:-
Here are using step down transformer to reduce the voltage level.
RECTIFIER:- A bridge wave rectifier converts an AC input voltage to a pulsating DC.
The pulsating DC voltage is only suitable to be used as a DC power supply.
FILTER:- A circuit uses to reduce the fluctuations in the rectified output voltage are
ripple. This provides a steadier DC voltage regulator
REGULATOR:- A circuit uses to produce a constant DC output voltage by reducing the ripple
to negligible amount.
POWER SUPPLY
The 9 volts transformer is given as the input to the 7805 IC provided with rectifier and filter circuit. Apart from the IC drop(2.4v), we have to consider the drop across all the components. So in order to get 5v output, the minimum voltage for the IC is 9v. By using an 7805 IC 5v dc can be given to the basic IC’s, and 5v dc is used to drive the relay.
TR1
TRAN-2P2S
D1DIODE
D2DIODE
D3DIODE
D4DIODE
C11000u
VI1
VO3
GN
D2
U17805
R125
Volts
+4.99
TR1(P1)
BLOCK DIAGRAM :
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
`
POWER SUPPLY
TRANSMITTER
IR DET 1
IR DET 2
COMPARATOR
COMPARATOR
MONOSTABLE MULTI
VIBRATOR
MONOSTABLE MULTI
VIBRATOR
DISPLA
Y
CONTROLELEMENT
RELAY DRIVER OUTPUT
5v
5v
UP/DOWN
COUNTER
TRANSMITTER:- Here we are using IR transmitter using Astable multivibrator. It is a free
running multivibrator that has no stable states but switches continually between two states this action produce a train of square wave pulses at a fixed frequency
PHOTO DIODE:- A photo diode is a transducer that takes light energy and converts into
electrical energy.
DIFFERENTIATOR:-
A differentiator is a ckt that is designed such the output of the ckt is approximately directly proportional to the rate of change of input
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR:- A one-shot multivibrator that has one stable state and is
triggered externally with it retuning back to its first stable state.UP/DOWN COUNTER:- It is also known as bidirectional counters. Both synchronous and asynchronous
counters are capable of counting up/down count but there is another more universal type of counter that can count in both directions either up/down depending on the state of their input control pin and this are known as bidirectional counters.
DISPLAY:- It will display the up/down counts.
CONTROL ELEMENT:-
It will control the relay as per the up/down counter out. When the up/down counter is “0” only the relay get switch off
RELAY:-
Relay is a electro mechanical switch.
17
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U1
555
C1
0.1uf
R1390
R2
390
R3
470
D1
IR transmeterD2
photo diode
R410K
R510K
R6
10k
R710K
3
26
74 8
1
U2
OP07
C3
9.8nf
R8
33K
C4
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U3
555
C5
0.1uf
C6
30uf
R9
100k
1 2
U4:A
7404
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U5
555
C2
0.1uf
R10390
R11
390
R12
470
D3
IR transmeter
D4Photo diode
R1310K
R1410K
R15
10k
R1610K
3
26
74 8
1
U6
OP07
C7
9.8nf
R17
33K
C8
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U7
555
C9
0.1uf
C10
30uf
R18
100k
1 2
U8:A
7404
D015
Q03
D11
Q12
D210
Q26
D39
Q37
UP5
TCU12
DN4
TCD13
PL11
MR14
U9
74192
A7
QA13
B1
QB12
C2
QC11
D6
QD10
BI/RBO4
QE9
RBI5
QF15
LT3
QG14
U10
74LS47
Q12N2222
R3(1)
R12(1)
R14(2)
R4(2)
D5
DIODE
D6
DIODE
D7
DIODE
D8
DIODE
RL1G5CLE-1-DC24
D9DIODE
RL1(COM)L112V
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U1
555
C1
0.1uf
R1390
R2
390
R3
470
D1IR transmeter
D2photo diode
R410K
R510K
R6
10k
R710K
3
26
74 8
1
U2
OP07
C3
9.8nf
R8
33K
C4
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U3
555
C5
0.1uf
C6
30uf
R9
100k
1 2
U4:A
7404
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U5
555
C2
0.1uf
R10390
R11
390
R12
470
D3IR transmeter
D4Photo diode
R1310K
R1410K
R15
10k
R1610K
3
26
74 8
1
U6
OP07
C7
9.8nf
R17
33K
C8
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U7
555
C9
0.1uf
C10
30uf
R18
100k
1 2
U8:A
7404
D015
Q03
D11
Q12
D210
Q26
D39
Q37
UP5
TCU12
DN4
TCD13
PL11
MR14
U9
74192
A7
QA13
B1
QB12
C2
QC11
D6
QD10
BI/RBO4
QE9
RBI5
QF15
LT3
QG14
U10
74LS47
Q12N2222
R3(1)
R12(1)
R14(2)
R4(2)
D5
DIODE
D6
DIODE
D7
DIODE
D8
DIODE
RL1G5CLE-1-DC24
D9DIODE
L1
12V
RL1(COM)
Volts
+2.92
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U1
555
C1
0.1uf
R1390
R2
390
R3
470
D1IR transmeter
D2photo diode
R410K
R510K
R6
10k
R710K
3
26
74 8
1
U2
OP07
C3
9.8nf
R8
33K
C4
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U3
555
C5
0.1uf
C6
30uf
R9
100k
1 2
U4:A
7404
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U5
555
C2
0.1uf
R10390
R11
390
R12
470
D3IR transmeter
D4Photo diode
R1310K
R1410K
R15
10k
R1610K
3
26
74 8
1
U6
OP07
C7
9.8nf
R17
33K
C8
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U7
555
C9
0.1uf
C10
30uf
R18
100k
1 2
U8:A
7404
D015
Q03
D11
Q12
D210
Q26
D39
Q37
UP5
TCU12
DN4
TCD13
PL11
MR14
U9
74192
A7
QA13
B1
QB12
C2
QC11
D6
QD10
BI/RBO4
QE9
RBI5
QF15
LT3
QG14
U10
74LS47
Q12N2222
R3(1)
R12(1)
R14(2)
R4(2)
D5
DIODE
D6
DIODE
D7
DIODE
D8
DIODE
RL1G5CLE-1-DC24
D9DIODE
L1
12V
RL1(COM)
Volts
+2.92
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U1
555
C1
0.1uf
R1390
R2
390
R3
470
D1IR transmeter
D2photo diode
R410K
R510K
R6
10k
R710K
3
26
74 8
1
U2
OP07
C3
9.8nf
R8
33K
C4
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U3
555
C5
0.1uf
C6
30uf
R9
100k
1 2
U4:A
7404
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U5
555
C2
0.1uf
R10390
R11
390
R12
470
D3IR transmeter
D4Photo diode
R1310K
R1410K
R15
10k
R1610K
3
26
74 8
1
U6
OP07
C7
9.8nf
R17
33K
C8
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U7
555
C9
0.1uf
C10
30uf
R18
100k
1 2
U8:A
7404
D015
Q03
D11
Q12
D210
Q26
D39
Q37
UP5
TCU12
DN4
TCD13
PL11
MR14
U9
74192
A7
QA13
B1
QB12
C2
QC11
D6
QD10
BI/RBO4
QE9
RBI5
QF15
LT3
QG14
U10
74LS47
Q12N2222
R3(1)
R12(1)
R14(2)
R4(2)
D5
DIODE
D6
DIODE
D7
DIODE
D8
DIODE
RL1G5CLE-1-DC24
D9DIODE
L1
12V
RL1(COM)
Volts
+2.92
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U1
555
C1
0.1uf
R1390
R2
390
R3
470
D1IR transmeter
D2photo diode
R410K
R510K
R6
10k
R710K
3
26
74 8
1
U2
OP07
C3
9.8nf
R8
33K
C4
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U3
555
C5
0.1uf
C6
30uf
R9
100k
1 2
U4:A
7404
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U5
555
C2
0.1uf
R10390
R11
390
R12
470
D3IR transmeter
D4Photo diode
R1310K
R1410K
R15
10k
R1610K
3
26
74 8
1
U6
OP07
C7
9.8nf
R17
33K
C8
0.01uf
R4
DC7
Q3
GN
D1
VC
C8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U7
555
C9
0.1uf
C10
30uf
R18
100k
1 2
U8:A
7404
D015
Q03
D11
Q12
D210
Q26
D39
Q37
UP5
TCU12
DN4
TCD13
PL11
MR14
U9
74192
A7
QA13
B1
QB12
C2
QC11
D6
QD10
BI/RBO4
QE9
RBI5
QF15
LT3
QG14
U10
74LS47
Q12N2222
R3(1)
R12(1)
R14(2)
R4(2)
D5
DIODE
D6
DIODE
D7
DIODE
D8
DIODE
RL1G5CLE-1-DC24
D9DIODE
RL1(COM)
Volts
0.00
L112V
PCB LAYOUT
DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The IR transmitter circuit consist of an astable multivibrator NE555 timer IC1.
The output of IC1 at pin 3 is a unregular square waveform. This output is used to drive IR LED, which transmit IR light.
Modulated frequency is used because the IR receiver modules used in this circuit respond to IR signal modulated frequency.
IR Transmitte
r
We are not considering Modulating frequency because we are using photo diode.
so we are using constant resistance. Resistor R3is a current limiting resistor that keeps
the IR LEDs, current within the required range.
PHOTO DIODE The Photo diode have two terminals for Vcc (Anode)
(+5v), ground(cathode). In the normal state. It receive light from the IR transmitter and it will act
like a closed switch. So the entire voltage will go to the ground Whenever the object (or) obstacle come between
the IR transmitter and Photo diode at the time Photo diode will act as a open switch
The entire voltage will go to inverting terminal of op-amp
COMPARATOR Op-amp will act as a
comparator. Whenever the Photo
diode will act as a open switch The voltage at inverting is equal to the voltage at non inverting so the comparator will produce low output. And it is given to the monostable multivibrator
D2LED
R410K
R510K
R6
10k
R710K
3
26
74 8
1
U2
OP07
R8
33K
C4
100p
When ever the Photo diode will act as a closed switch the voltage will go to the ground and some reference voltage will appear across non-inverting terminal and no voltage will appear across inverting terminal of the op-amp.
Whenever the obstruct is coming between IR transmitter and receiver the Photo diode will act as a open switch So the output of differentiator will produce low output. And it will give input to the monostable multivibrator
In the circuit, two NE555 timer ICs (IC1 and IC2)wired as monostable multivibrators are used. The pulse width of the output waveforms (ON time) for these multi vibrators is fixed at about 3.3 seconds by suitably selecting the values for the timing capacitors c5 and c6 in conjunction with their associated resistors R8 and R9.
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
R4
DC7
Q3
GND
1VCC
8
TR2
TH6
CV5
U3
555
C5
0.1uf
C6
30uf
R9
100k
1 2
U4:A
7404
i/p
O/p
These monostable multivibrators get triggered when their trigger input pins (pin 2) goes low. Thus the multivibrators are triggered only when the IR light beams are interrupted. Although the output pulse width of both the multivibrators are approximately the same.
When the object coming between the IR link the i/p of the monostable is low so the o/p of the monostable is high so o/p is connected to the not gate and it given to the up/down counter
UP/DOWN COUNTERo counter 74LS192 IC are used to counting the up
and down count. o Monostable output is given to the 4th pin of
74192. It will do DOWN count.o When ever the monostable output is given to the
5th pin 74192.It will do UP count.o The IC output of Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 is connected to
the driver IC(7447). And it will also connected to the 4 diodes.
o The 4 diodes output is connect to the base terminal of the transistor.
o And the transistor emitter is connected to the ground and collector is connected to Vcc.o whenever the voltage present at the base terminal the voltage will go to the ground. o So the Relay will get switch ON. So light will not glowo Whenever the no voltage present at the base terminal so the transistor will not switch on. o So the relay will get switch off And the light will not glow
DISPLAY
• Counter IC output is given to the input of the driver IC (7447).
• 7 segment display is a most popular display device used in digital system for displaying data using this device.
• The data have to converted from BCD to SSD code• The IC 7447 decoder are driver has 4 input lines,7
output lines to drive a SSD• Active low output terminal a bar through g bar of
decoder or connected to a through g terminals of display respectively
• Has output of decoder or active low ,SSD LED’s of common anode types used.
ADVANTAGES
39
The light will not glow if no person is present inside the room.
The light will on only when the person enters the room .
Displays the number of persons present inside the room.
The circuit requires different path for both entrance and exit way for the proper way of working.
DISADVANTAGES
LIMITATIONS
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
41
It can’t display more than 9 (no: of persons) ,as the circuit is not cascaded.
As we had used the decade counter, when the 10th person gets in, the light automatically goes OFF.
APPLICATIONS
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
42
It can be used for homely needs.
FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION
43
To modify the 9 counts to 99 counts By avoiding light sensing circuit, we can Control other appliances also.
COST ESTIMATIONCOMPONENTS 150CHESES 100PROJECT REPORT 350TOTAL 550
THANK YOU !!!
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
45
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