Road to 5G

Arogyaswami Paulraj

Stanford University

NASSCOM ENGINEERING SUMMITOct 7 2015

Pune, India

Radio Pioneers

J C Maxwell, H Hertz, O Lodge, JC Bose

G Marconi

Mobile Telephony – Pre-cellular

Bandwidth

per channel

Total Bandwidth Available

1953

Scaling to 100,000s

1

1 1

2 2

2

3 3

Cellular Reuse

Handover

DH Ring, WR Young, A Joel

1960s

1G Cellular AMPS, NMT,… – Early 80s

1G (AMPS)

• Voice service

• Analog FM

• Frequency Division Multiple access FDMA

• Poor spectral efficiency

• Bell Labs, Ericsson, NTT

M Cooper

J Engel R Frenkiel

2G (GSM) – Early 90s

2G (GSM) – Early 90s

• Digital

• Frequency Hopping

• Time Division Multiple Access TDMA

• Improved spectral efficiency

• ETSI, Ericsson, Alcatel, Matra T Haug, A Maloberti, J Ausdestad

H Lamar

3G – (W)CDMA Early 00s

3G – WCDMA

• Spread spectrum

• Code Division Multiple

access – CDMA

• Even better spectral

efficiency

• Qualcomm, NTTDoCoMo,

3GPP

I Jacobs A Viterbi

F Adachi

4G LTE, WiMAX – Early 10s

4G – Early 10s

• Packet switched

• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple access –OFDMA

• MIMO

• Fractional Reuse K=1, 3

• Adaptive Modulation

• Very good spectral efficience

• Iospan, Intel (WiMAX), 3GPPLTE A Paulraj G Foschini S Alamouti

1992 1997 1998

Mobile Technology Today

• 7.8 B Phones, 95% penetration

• 23% broadband (4G)

• Smart Phones: > 2B, Android, IOS, ..

• Infrastructure: Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia Semiconductor: Qualcomm, Mediatek, Intel

• Peak speeds - touching 150 Mbps

5G - Early 20s?

5G Air Interface• Performance

– Higher speed - 5-50 Gbps

– Lower latency – 1ms– Better coverage uniformity– Better economics cents/Gbyte

Services

Massive MIMO

In Conclusion

• 1984 – 2014 - 1,000,000x growth in coverage, data

speed and subscribers

• The next 30 years?

Challenge for India – from user to builder