BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES

MILLING

by Endika Gandarias

2 by Endika Gandarias

Dr. ENDIKA GANDARIAS MINTEGI Mechanical and Manufacturing department Mondragon Unibertsitatea - www.mondragon.edu (Basque Country) www.linkedin.com/in/endika-gandarias-mintegi-91174653

Further presentations: www.symbaloo.com/mix/manufacturingtechnology

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CONTENTS BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION MACHINE TYPES WORKHOLDING DEVICES TOOLHOLDING DEVICES MILLING OPERATIONS SAFETY GUIDELINES APPLICATIONS GLOSSARY

by Endika Gandarias

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

by Endika Gandarias

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The author would like to thank all the bibliographic references and videos that

have contributed to the elaboration of these presentations.

For bibliographic references, please refer to:

• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763364 (PDF file)

• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763366 (PPT file)

For videos, please refer to:

• www.symbaloo.com/mix/manufacturingtechnology

BIBLIOGRAPHY

by Endika Gandarias

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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

by Endika Gandarias

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MILLING TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

BASIC MOVEMENTS: – Mc Cutting movement (regarding the tool) – Ma Feed movement (regarding the part or tool) – Mp Cutting depth movement (regarding the

part or tool)

by Endika Gandarias

Mc

Mp

Ma

8

Eli Whitney milling machine 1818

Middletown milling machine 1818

Nasmyth milling machine 1829

Lincoln miller 1870

Universal milling machine Brown-and-Sharpe

1861

Horizontal milling machine Cincinnati

early 1900s

INTRODUCTION

by Endika Gandarias

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N

N

F

DC

ae

ap

A milling cutting tool is similar to the turning cutting tool, but many tools called

“teeth” integrate it.

• The tool is spinning (Mc).

• One or more linear movements (Mp & Ma) may have the tool or the part.

INTRODUCTION

by Endika Gandarias

N Spindle speed (rpm)

Vc Cutting speed (m/min)

Dc Tool diameter (mm)

F Feed rate (mm/min)

ap Axial cutting depth (mm)

ae Radial cutting depth (mm)

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INTRODUCTION

X

Y Z

by Endika Gandarias

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Face Milling Shoulder Milling (Face & Side Milling)

Side or Peripheral Milling

• Cutting depth in axial direction.

• It uses mainly the cutting edges on the periphery of the tool.

• Surface roughness created by face teeth.

• Cutting depth in axial and radial direction.

• It uses the cutting edges on the face and periphery of the tool.

• Surface roughness created by face and side teeth.

• Cutting depth in radial direction.

• It uses mainly the cutting edges on the periphery of the tool.

• Surface roughness created by side teeth.

INTRODUCTION: MILLING TYPES

Mc: Cutting mov.

Ma: Feed mov.

by Endika Gandarias

Mc: Cutting mov.

Ma: Feed mov.

Mc: Cutting mov.

Ma: Feed mov.

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MACHINE TYPES

MACHINE TYPES

by Endika Gandarias

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Horizontal and Vertical Milling machines

According to their main rotational axis…

MACHINE TYPES

Rotational axis direction

Rotational axis direction

by Endika Gandarias

Horizontal Milling Machine Vertical Milling Machine

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Mc: Cutting movement

Ma: Feed movement

Mp: Cutting depth movement

Mc: Cutting movement

Ma: Feed movement

Mp: Cutting depth movement

Horizontal and Vertical Milling machines

According to their main rotational axis…

MACHINE TYPES

by Endika Gandarias

Horizontal Milling Machine Vertical Milling Machine

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MACHINE TYPES M

ILLI

NG

MAC

HIN

ES Conventional machines

Column and knee type

Vertical

Horizontal

Universal Bed type

Copy or tracer mill

CNC machines

CNC Milling machine

Bed type

Bridge type or planer

Gantry

Travelling column

Machining centre

3 axis

4 axis

5 axis

Multitasking machine by Endika Gandarias

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Manual movements execution. Manual tool and part change. Machine may have or not an overarm: Spindle mounted to a movable

housing on the column to permit positioning the milling cutter forward or rearward in a horizontal plane.

Machine principal components: 1. Column: supports the spindle. The tool has no linear movements,

just the rotational cutting movement. 2. Knee: supports the work table. It has all the linear movements: X, Y

& Z.

Machine types: 1. VERTICAL MACHINE 2. HORIZONTAL MACHINE 3. UNIVERSAL MACHINE

MACHINE TYPES

Z

X

Y

Conventional milling machines

Column and knee type (turret type)

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO

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Conventional milling machines

MACHINE TYPES

Cutter is directly mounted in the spindle. Typical for face and end milling operations.

Arbor supports the cutter and an overarm

the arbor. Typical for side or peripheral milling

operations.

1 2

Column and knee type (turret type)

VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE HORIZONTAL MILLING MACHINE

by Endika Gandarias

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It is a vertical and horizontal milling machine at the same time. Types:

MACHINE TYPES

Conventional milling machines

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Vertical & horizontal spindle

Hure spindle:

It has a swiveling spindle that allows to swivel the spindle at different angles. Vertical milling

attachment

Column and knee type (turret type)

UNIVERSAL MILLING MACHINE

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO VIDEO

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The tool has the perpendicular movement. The worktable has the X & Y movements. Greater rigidity. Used for voluminous and

heavy parts.

A special machine type:

» It has a roughing spindle and a finishing spindle.

Conventional milling machines

Bed type

Z

MACHINE TYPES

ROTARY TABLE TYPE

by Endika Gandarias

Z

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A stylus follows the profile of a template and guides the cutter movement synchronizing with the table movement, to produce a similar profile as on the template.

The movement of the stylus is controlled through electronic or hydraulic systems.

It is used for engraving small and height profiles, producing cams, dies,…

Machining time: important. Idle time: small. Set-up time: important. Series: Unitary or medium. Precision: IT7/8, Ra ~ 1.6 µm.

MACHINE TYPES

Conventional milling machines

Copy or Traced Controlled milling machine

by Endika Gandarias

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MACHINE TYPES

Part

Sample part

Conventional milling machines

Copy or Traced Controlled milling machine

by Endika Gandarias

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Automatic movements execution. Manual tool change. Manual part change. Usually, it is not needed any special workholding

device.

Machining time: less than in an universal milling. Idle time: very short Set-up time: slightly important (programming) Series: 10 to 1000 parts, or more. Precision: IT7/8, Ra ~ 0.8 ÷1.6 µm.

MACHINE TYPES

CNC machines

CNC Milling machine

by Endika Gandarias

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The part has the longitudinal axis movement. Spindle carriers are mounted on cross-rails (bridge structure). Large size milling machines. Suitable for flat surfaces of heavy components. May use several spindle heads (vertical or horizontal).

Bed type

MACHINE TYPES

1

CNC machines

BRIDGE TYPE OR PLANER MILLING MACHINE

by Endika Gandarias

Y

X

Z

VIDEO

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Similar to the bridge type machine, but the workpiece has no movement at all.

Typically used for large size parts.

The part has no movement at all.

Bed type

MACHINE TYPES

2 3

CNC machines

GANTRY MILLING MACHINE TRAVELLING COLUMN MILLING MACHINE

by Endika Gandarias

Y

Z

X X

Z Y

VIDEO VIDEO

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It is a CNC milling machine equipped by an automatic tool changer.

Automatic tool changer using tool magazine or carousel.

Automatic part changer using pallets (optional). Machining time: similar to CNC Milling machines. Idle time: smaller than in CNC Milling machines. Set-up time: slightly important (programming &

setting-up) Series: 10 to 1000 parts, or more Precision: IT7/8, Ra ~ 0.8 ÷1.6 µm.

MACHINE TYPES

CNC machines

Machining Centre

tool magazine tool carousel

tool magazine CNC

by Endika Gandarias

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Automatic tool changer

Automatic part changer (pallets)

(optional)

MACHINE TYPES

CNC machines

Machining Centre

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO

VIDEO

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MACHINE TYPES

CNC machines

Machining Centre

Machine has CNC controlled

X,Y & Z linear movements.

Machine has CNC controlled X,Y & Z linear movements

+ 1 rotational movement. a) Horizontal rotary table b) Vertical rotary table c) Rotary spindle

To obtain surfaces with a cylindrical pattern (e.g. gears, polygonal geometries,…).

3 AXIS 4 AXIS

Integrated vertical rotary table (C axis)

Horizontal rotary table (A axis)

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO VIDEO

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MACHINE TYPES

CNC machines

Machining Centre

Machine has CNC controlled X,Y & Z linear movements

+ 2 rotational movements. Types:

Trunnion table

Vertical machine Horizontal machine

Combination type

Swiveling head Heavier parts can be machined. Shorter tools are needed.

A larger working volume. More powerful spindle Heavier removal

rates. Bigger rotational movement capability.

1

2

3

5 AXIS

by Endika Gandarias

Higher versatility (part can be clamped on the rotary table or out of it).

VIDEO

VIDEO

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• Several technologies are integrated into one machine: turning, milling, drilling,…

• It has evolved from turning machines.

• The heart of the machine is the tool spindle (B spindle), which even can be tilted. It provides milling, drilling and tapping capability along with turning, facing, grooving and threading.

• This spindle is serviced by an automatic tool changer that resides outside the cutting zone.

• It may have a double spindle and one/two tool turrets.

• Application: very complex parts.

VIDEO

MACHINE TYPES

CNC machines

Machining Centre MULTITASKING MACHINE – HORIZONTAL (I)

by Endika Gandarias

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MACHINE TYPES

CNC machines

Machining Centre MULTITASKING MACHINE – HORIZONTAL (II)

by Endika Gandarias

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• Parts normally larger in diameter than for a horizontal multi-task machine.

• Does not require support via a steady rest, tailstock or sub-spindle.

• It has evolved from 5 axis machining centers:

a) High rpm capability of the C axis (turning table).

b) Adopting the spindle for stationary operations.

MACHINE TYPES

CNC machines

Machining Centre MULTITASKING MACHINE – VERTICAL

by Endika Gandarias

Trunnion table

Combination type

VIDEO

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WORKHOLDING DEVICES

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

by Endika Gandarias

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WO

RK

HO

LDIN

G D

EVIC

ES Vise

Clamps

Modular fixturing system

Indexer / Rotary table

Magnetic chuck

Vacuum chuck

Freeze chuck

Dedicated fixture

Features of a workholding device:

Proper part immobilization.

Accesibility to the machining area.

Ability to absorb machining efforts.

Minimum part deformation.

Short part clamping & unclamping time.

by Endika Gandarias

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

VIDEO

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Vise

The most common type of workholding device for small parts.

Part is hold by pressure driven: Mechanically Pneumatically Hydraulically

Types based on the degree of freedom: Plain vise Plain vise with swivel base Universal vise with swivel base

Plain vise Plain vise with swivel base Universal vise

by Endika Gandarias

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

HYDRAULIC VISE PNEUMATIC VISE

MECHANICAL VISE VIDEO

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Clamps

Used for big size or irregular parts. Part is hold using clamps, t-slot bolts, screws, washers, nuts, parallels, step blocks,… It is important to keep in mind the efforts/deformations produced on the part.

by Endika Gandarias

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

Step block

Toe mold clamp

Angle plate

Cam clamp

Washer

C clamp V block Swing clamp

T-nut T-slot bolt

VIDEO

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Modular fixturing system

Based on a drilled and/or grooved baseplate. It offers flexibility or versatility. It allows to build different workholding systems from a set of standard

components (clamps, positioners,…).

by Endika Gandarias

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

VIDEO VIDEO

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Commonly used for machining angularly equidistant surfaces. The chuck allows to hold and rotate the part working at different

angles. Similar clamping possibilities to the turning process:

Jaw chuck Between chuck and center Between centers

Indexing head / Rotary table

by Endika Gandarias

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

MOTOR DRIVEN

MANUALLY OPERATED

VIDEO

VIDEO

VIDEO

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Magnetic Chuck

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

Ideal for ferromagnetic parts. Powerful workholding system. Usually electronically activated. Part centering may be time consuming.

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO

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Vacuum Chuck

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

Ideal for thin and flat metal sheets, non-porous surfaces. Hold down forces are not extremely high. Uniform holding pressure on the entire workpiece surface. Coolant can be used without affecting the chuck’s performance.

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO

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Freeze Chuck

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

To clamp small workpieces. No tension builds up within the workpiece. Clamping time +/- 90 seconds. Holding precision ± 3μm

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO

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Dedicated fixture

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

It is a custom-designed fixture. Capital investment must be absorbed by the job. It is used for medium to big-batch production runs.

by Endika Gandarias

Dedicated fixture Modular fixture

VS.

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TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

by Endika Gandarias

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TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

TOO

LHO

LDIN

G D

EVIC

ES

TOOLHOLDER

Weldon / Whistle Notch

ER Collet chuck

Power chuck

Hydraulic chuck

Shrink fit (Thermal)

Save lock

Polygonal clamping

SPINDLE TYPE

ISO / SK / BT

HSK

Capto

BIG PLUS

KM

EXTENSION ADAPTOR

by Endika Gandarias

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Whistle Notch Weldon

ER Collet chuck

TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

Weldon / Whistle Notch

Power chuck Shrink fit (thermal) Hydraulic chuck

Toolholder

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO VIDEO

VIDEO VIDEO

VIDEO

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Safe Lock

Pull out protection

Polygonal clamping

TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

Toolholder

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO

Clamping steps

VIDEO

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HSK ISO / SK / BT Capto

KM

Spindle type

TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

VIDEO

BIG PLUS

ISO / SK / BT BIG PLUS

by Endika Gandarias

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ISO

HSK

KM

CAPTO

BIG PLUS

Bending Torque Repeatibility / Precision

Radial deviation

Tool changing

Excellent

Not acceptable Not optimum

Spindle type

TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

by Endika Gandarias

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TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

Extension adaptor

by Endika Gandarias

Overhangs should be minimized.

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MACHINING OPERATIONS

MACHINING OPERATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

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MILLING. Machining operations

MACHINING OPERATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

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VIDEO

VIDEO

MACHINING OPERATIONS

Face Milling

Particular machining operation:

Low entering angle (10º) inserts. High feed Low cutting depth

Slab milling

by Endika Gandarias

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MACHINING OPERATIONS

Shoulder Milling

Roughing

Finishing

Also used for:

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO

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END MILLING

VIDEO

MACHINING OPERATIONS

Slot Milling Types:

1

1. End Milling 2. Side and Face Milling

by Endika Gandarias

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SIDE AND FACE MILLING

MACHINING OPERATIONS

Slot Milling

2

TOOLING

VIDEO

Horizontal milling machine

Vertical milling machine

Commonly used on components that cannot be rotated.

by Endika Gandarias

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MACHINING OPERATIONS

Helical Slot Milling

It requires a previous slot milling operation of width bigger than the T-shape tool shank.

The use of air flow is highly recommended in order to evacuate the chip continuously.

T-shape Slot Milling

by Endika Gandarias

It requires a coordination between the rotational speed (N) and the feed per revolution (fn).

VIDEO VIDEO

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MACHINING OPERATIONS

Helical Milling

by Endika Gandarias

Pre-drilling/peck-milling Three axis ramping Two axis ramping

VIDEO

VIDEO

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MACHINING OPERATIONS

Dovetail Milling Form Milling

Two or more milling cutters mounted on the same arbor.

Displacing the cutters half a pitch in relation to each other assists in avoiding vibration.

High productivity, high removal rate.

Medium/big series.

The use of a fly-wheel reduces torsional vibrations.

Gang Milling

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO VIDEO

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Chamfering TOOLING

MACHINING OPERATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

Corner rounding

VIDEO

VIDEO

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MACHINING OPERATIONS

Profile Milling

ROUGHING

FINISHING

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO

VIDEO

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MACHINING OPERATIONS

Gear Milling

Hobbing (productivity ↑) Disc cutting

TYPE OF GEARS

TOOLING

External & Internal gears Splines Bevel gears and pinions

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO

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A curved surface is milled while rotating the workpiece around its centre point.

MACHINING OPERATIONS

Periphery turn milling – 3/4 axes Face turn milling – 4/5 axes

Main method for external machining. Used mainly for internal features. Same principle as for circular milling /

ramping, but with component rotating.

2 METHODS:

Turn Milling

by Endika Gandarias

VIDEO

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VIDEO

MACHINING OPERATIONS

Boring

Excellent dimensional tolerances and surface roughnesses.

ROUGHING FINISHING

VIDEO by Endika Gandarias

a a a >a

BORE FACE GROOVING

It is a productive alternative way to produce circular grooves.

Increased productivity. Diameters from 47mm to 1275mm. It can be done in vertical or horizontal machines.

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Drilling

MACHINING OPERATIONS

VIDEO

by Endika Gandarias

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MACHINING OPERATIONS

Thread Milling

by Endika Gandarias

TAPPING 1 Synchronization of the feed movement and rotational movement is a must.

If the machine spindle is not prepared for direct threading, a special

toolholder needs to be used.

VIDEO VIDEO

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THREAD MILLING 2

Internal threading

External threading

MACHINING OPERATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

A B

A B VIDEO

CNC thread generator: http://vargen.vargus.com/VargusGenWeb/Pages/ThreadSelection.aspx

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a) Manual reamers: long entry (A) and length (L)

b) Milling reamers: short entry (A) and length (L)

c) Reamer with no shank or separated shank.

VIDEO

MACHINING OPERATIONS

The reamer never should be spinned counterclockwise.

Reaming

Straight flute Axial coolant supply

For blind holes

Spiral flute Lateral coolant supply

For through holes

by Endika Gandarias

RIGHT WRONG

Objective: To achive a good surface roughness and good dimensional tolerances (H7) in a pre-drilled hole.

High penetration rates and small depths of cut.

The tool is called “reamer”.

VIDEO

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SAFETY GUIDELINES

by Endika Gandarias

SAFETY GUIDELINES

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SAFETY GUIDELINES

by Endika Gandarias

Goggles

Ear muff or Ear plug

Gloves

Clothing

Shoes

safety guards or machine encapsulation

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MILLING APPLICATIONS

MILLING APPLICATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

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BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

VIDEO VIDEO

by Endika Gandarias

MONOBLOCK PROSTHESIS – Titanium

BONE PLATE – Titanium

MOULD FOR PILLS – Steel

DENTAL BRIDGE PROSTHESIS – Titanium

IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL PORT OR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

– Titanium

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BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

LAB ON A CHIP (Blood plasma separator) – Steel

SPINAL CROSS CONNECTOR – Stainless steel

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AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

3 – BLISK – Titanium

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AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

1 – WING RIB – Aluminium

8 – VERTICAL TAIL – Composite

1 – WING – Composite

3 – ENGINE MOUNT – Titanium

5 – FLAP TRACK – Stainless steel

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AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

TURBO CHARGER – Stainless Steel

CYLINDER HEAD – Cast iron or aluminium

STEERING KNUCKLE – Cast iron or steel

by Endika Gandarias

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OPERATION OVERVIEW 1. Face milling 2. Shoulder milling 3. Profile milling 4. Drilling 5. Hard part finishing 6. Semi finishing - Roughing 7. Semi finishing - Roughing

DIE & MOULDS APPLICATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

STAMPING DIE – Steel

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POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

GAS TURBINE BLADE – Stainless steel or Titanium

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OPERATION OVERVIEW 1. Face milling 2. Boring 3. Back facing 4. Drilling 5. Thread milling

GEARBOX HOUSING Cast iron

WIND POWER APPLICATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

OPERATION OVERVIEW 1. Face Milling 2. Shoulder Milling 3. Helical or Circular Interpolation 4. Finish Boring 5. Back Facing 6. Drilling 7. Threading 8. Chamfering

HUB Cast iron

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OPERATION OVERVIEW 1. Face and shoulder milling 2. Contouring 3. Fine boring 4. Drilling 5. Face milling

MAIN FRAME Cast iron

WIND POWER APPLICATIONS

by Endika Gandarias

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GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

by Endika Gandarias

80

GLOSSARY

by Endika Gandarias

ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE

Angle plate Placa angular Plaka angeluar Arbor Mandril Mandril Bed type Bancada fija Bankada finkoa Between centers Entre puntos Puntuen artean Between chuck and center Plato de garras y punto Atzapardun playera eta puntuaren artean Bevel gears Engranes cónicos Engranai konikoak Blade Álabe Alabe Blood Sangre Odol Bone Hueso Hazur Boring Mandrinado Mandrinaketa Bridge type Tipo puente Zubi erakoa Cam Leva Espeka Cast iron Fundición Fundizio Chamfering Achaflanado Alakaketa Clamp Brida Brida Collet chuck Portaherramientas de pinzas Pintza etxea Coolant Refrigerante Hozkarria Copy or tracer mill Copiadora Kopiagailua Counterclockwise Giro antihorario Erloju orratzen aurkako biraketa Cutting depth Profundidad de pasada axial Sakontze sakonera Cutting speed Velocidad de corte Ebaketa abiadura Cylinder head Culata Kulata Dedicated fixture Utillaje específico Tresneria espezifikoa Dovetail Cola de milano Mirubuztan Drilling Taladrado Zulaketa Drug Droga Droga Ear muff / Ear plug Orejera de casco Entzumen kaskoak Face milling Planeado Planeaketa / Lauketa

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GLOSSARY

by Endika Gandarias

ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE

Feed per revolution Avance por vuelta Aitzinamendua birako Feed rate Avance por minuto Aitzinamendua minutuko Finishing Acabado Akabera Flute Estría Ildaska Fly-wheel Soporte Euskarri Freeze chuck Amarre por congelación Hozte bidezko lotzea Gang milling Fresado en grupo / Arbol de fresas Multzokako fresaketa Gantry type Tipo pórtico Portiko erakoa Gearbox housing Carcasa de caja de engranes Engranai kutxako karkasa Gloves Guantes Eskularruak Goggles Gafas de seguridad Segurtasun betaurrekoak Hobbing Tallado Tailaketa Hub Cubo Kubo Hydraulic chuck Portaherramientas hidraúlico Erraminta etxe hidraulikoa Idle time Tiempos no productivos Denbora ez produktiboa Indexer / Rotary table Plato divisor Plater zatitzailea Insert Plaquita intercambiable Plakatxo trukagarria Jaw chuck Plato de garras Atzapardun platera Knee Ménsula Mentsula Machining centre Centro de mecanizado Mekanizazio zentrua Machining time Tiempo de mecanizado Mekanizazio denbora Main frame Bastidor principal Bastidore nagusia Milling Fresado Fresaketa Modular fixturing system Utillaje modular Tresneria modularra Multitasking machine Máquina multitarea Ataza anitzeko makina Numerical control Control numérico Zenbakizko kontrola Overarm Carnero Ahari Overhang Voladizo Hegalkina

82

GLOSSARY

by Endika Gandarias

ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE

Pallet Palet Paleta Parallel Calzo paralelo Altxagarria Pill Pildora Pilula Pitch Paso Neurri Planer Planeadora Gainazal leunak mekanizatzeko makina Plate Placa Plaka Power chuck Portapinzas de alto apriete Estutze haundiko pintza etxea Reamer Escariador Otxabua Reaming Escariado Otxabuketa Rib Costilla Saihets Rotary table Plato rotatorio Plater birakaria Roughing Desbaste Arbastaketa Safe lock Portaherramientas de amarre de seguridad Lotze ziurrezko erraminta etxea Safety guidelines Normas de seguridad Segurtasun arauak Set-up time Tiempo de puesta a punto Prestaketa denbora Shoulder milling Escuadrado Eskuairaketa Shrink fit Portaherramientas térmico Erraminta etxe termikoa Slot milling Ranurado Artekaketa Spindle Cabezal Burua Spindle speed Velocidad de giro Biraketa abiadura Stainless steel Acero inoxidable Altzairu erdoilgaitza Stamping die Molde de estampación Estanpazio moldea Steering knucle Portamanguetas Mangeta etxea Step block Calzo escalonado Altxagarri mailakatua Swing clamp Brida oscilante Brida kulunkari Swivel base Base giratoria Oinarri birakorra Swiveling head Cabezal giratorio Buru birakaria Tail Cola Buztan

83

GLOSSARY

by Endika Gandarias

ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE

Tap Macho de roscar Hariztatzeko ardatza Tapping Roscado con macho Ardatzarekin egindako hariztaketa Thread milling Roscado con fresas Fresekin egindako hariztaketa Tool magazine / carousel Cambiador de herramienta Erraminta aldagailua Tool shank Mango de la herramienta Erramintaren kirtena Toolholder Portaherramientas Erraminta etxea Toolhonding device Sistema de amarrar herramientas Erramintak lotzeko sistemak Travelling column Columna movil Zutabe mugikorra T-shpe slot Ranura en T T erako arteka Turbo charger Turbocompresor Turbokonpresore Turn milling Torneado fresado Torneaketa fresaketa Vaccum chuck Amarre por vacío Huts bidezko lotzea Vise Mordaza Baraila Washer Arandela Zirrindola Wing Ala Hego Workholding device Sistema de amarrar piezas Piezak lotzeko sistemak