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Intelligent Transportation Systems – History & National Perspective

Prepared for:

ASCE TTG ITS Seminar Nov. 13, 2015

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Jesse Glazer ITS/Operations Engr.

USDOT / FHWA

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Presentation Topics:

• What is “ITS”? • Evolution of ITS

– Past 50 years – Next 50 years

• USDOT Initiatives • ITS Project Mgmt. (SE) • ITS Resources • Discussion – ITS needs of public-sector CEs?

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What is “ITS”?...

• Short Answer = “Technology in Transportation” • USDOT Definition =

“ITS means electronics, communication, or information processing used … to improve efficiency or safety of a surface transportation system.” (23CFR940.3)

(Excludes boats, planes and most freight-rail.) • Federal regs apply to federally-funded projects • ITS is heavily dependent upon “IT” resources

Evolution of ITS (1965 – 2065)

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Evolution of ITS (1965 Now)

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“Transportation Technology” is >100 years old!

.

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1970’s – Freeway Traffic Management

Traffic Detection “loops”

Electronic Message Signs

Ramp Meters

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1980’s – Arterial Traffic Management

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1990’s – Traffic Management Centers

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2000’s – “Smart Bus” Systems

Vehicle Diagnostics

GPS & Vehicle ID Automated

Fare Collection and Passenger Counting

Driver Information Display Silent Alarm

Traffic Signal Priority Route Destination Display

Smart Card Reader

$ RTA

OR

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2000’s – Traveler Information

2010’s – Electronic Tolling & HOT Lanes

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2010’s – Mobile Devices

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Traffic & Navigation

Parking Info & Guidance

Ride-Hailing & Carpooling

Meanwhile, … at the “institutional” level…

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~1992: “IVHS” Brand + Organization “IVHS America” … later re-named “ITS” and “ITS America” … ($$ followed)

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The original IVHS Vision…

.

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Mid-1990s: – National ITS Architecture

• Created by USDOT • Goal: Define a standard, national, interoperable,

ITS framework • Guideline for future transportation systems • Built upon S.E. concepts & terminology

National ITS Architecture

Vehicles Roadside

CentersCommercial

VehicleAdministration

ArchivedData

Management

TravelersToll

AdministrationEmergency

ManagementTraffic

Management

Fleet andFreight

ManagementTransit

Management

Maintenance &ConstructionManagement

Roadway

Toll Collection

ParkingManagement

EmissionsManagement

PersonalInformation

Access

RemoteTravelerSupport Information

ServiceProvider

CommercialVehicleCheck

Wireline (Fixed-Point to Fixed-Point) Communications

Vehi

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to V

ehic

le C

omm

unic

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ns

Ded

icat

ed S

hort

Ran

geC

omm

unic

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Wide Area Wireless(Mobile) Communications

Vehicle

TransitVehicle

CommercialVehicle

EmergencyVehicle

Maintenance &Construction

Vehicle

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Late 1990’s – ITS Arch. & SE “Rule” • Codified in: 23 CFR 940 • Defined ITS and ITS Projects (940.3) • Required:

– Regional ITS Architectures in all Urban Areas (940.9) – “Systems Engr. Analysis” for all ITS projects (940.11)

• Defined ITS Architecture & S.E. concepts and terminology; still widely used today.

• (Drew heavily on aerospace & I.T. concepts, terminology, and people.)

High-Risk ITS Projects Must use S.E. Process

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Other USDOT ITS Initiatives

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• Research – via universities, consultants, Turner-Fairbanks Center, others …

• Demonstration Projects – Experiments, Pilot tests, deployments, evaluations, …

• Publications – Research, Guidelines, State-of-Practice, Knowledge Base, etc.

• Training – USDOT PCB, CITE, NHI, NTI, ITE, ITS-CA, ITSA, … (Web-based mostly.)

• … more … (See E&T handout)

Jesse’s General Observations

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ITS Projects are increasingly complex: • Multi-agency, multi-modal, multi-purpose • More people “in the control loop” Less hardware, more software: • SW development difficult to manage • Expensive skill marketplace • SW requires a lot of maintenance • Ever-changing security threats Use SE tools; use CMMI for SW vendors

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Evolution of ITS (Now 2065)

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Self-Driving (“Autonomous”) Vehicles

(under private-sector leadership)

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Vehicles will also be “Connected” (USDOT leadership)

... connected to each other on freeways: .

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… and on surface streets (“V2V”) …

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… and connected to roadway (“V2I”)

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… and to peds, bikes, etc. (V2X)

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Vehicles must also cooperate

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Jesse’s Prediction for “2065”

Automated, Connected, Cooperating, Electric Vehicles • No traffic congestion • No crashes • No air pollution/GHG • No driving stress • Mobility for all

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Comments?

Questions?

What are the ITS needs of

public-sector Civil Engineers? .