F.E.T. M.J.P.R.U. BAREILLY

Industrial Training Presentation

onMeasuring Devices & Sensors (IFFCO)

(Training Incharge) Presented By- Prof. JANAK KAPOOR AJEET Kr. (13EC04)

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ABOUT IFFCO

3. AONLA UNIT

4. HIGH LIGHT OF IFFCO AONLA UNIT

5. AWARDS

6. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES

7. MEASURING DEVICES-

6.1 TEMPERATURE MEASURING DEVICE

6.2 PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICE

6.3 LEVEL MEASURING DEVICE

7. SENSORS-

7.1 ULTRASONIC LEVEL SENSOR

7.2 FLOW LEVEL SENSOR

7.3 FIRE SENSOR

ABOUT IFFCO

INDIAN FARMERS FERTILIZER COOPERATIVE LTD. established

on 3rd November, 1967 as a multi unit cooperative with board objective

of fertilizer production. India is the third largest fertilizer producer in

the world.

There are 60 large size fertilizer plants in the country, manufacturing a

wide range of nitrogenous, phosphoric and complex fertilizers.

Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) accounts for

64% of the installed capacity of Nitrogen and the total of the

Phosphate capacity in the cooperative sector.

IFFCO presently owns giant units-

1. KALOL Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat.

2. KANDLA Gujarat.

3. PHULPUR Allahabad.

4. AONLA Bareilly.

5. PARADEEP Orissa.

IFFCO today is a leading player in India’s fertilizer industry

and it is making substantial contribution to the efforts of the

India Govt. to increase food grain production in the country.

AONLA UNIT

IFFCO, Aonla was one of the plant established by Govt. of India its annual capacity is 14.9 lacs ton of urea.

The IFFCO, AONLA was built in a record time of 36 months

and started its commercial urea. Production on 16th July 1988. Aonla II

started commercial production on 25th December, 1996.

Fig: - ANOLA Unit

HIGHLIGHTS OF IFFCO AONLA UNIT-

Aonla-I Ammonia Plant May 15, 1988

Urea Plant May 18, 1988

Aonla-II Ammonia Plant Nov 16, 1996

Urea Plant Nov 16, 1996

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION

Aonla-I Urea Plant July 16, 1988

Aonla-II Urea Plant Dec 25, 1996

Fig:- ANOLA Unit

MAIN FEATURES

Plant Capacity Consultant

Ammonia 2 X 1350 MT/day Haldor T., Denmark

Urea 2 X 1100 MT/day Snam Progetti, Italy MAJOR INPUT

Natural Gas 3.3Million Cubic meter/day

Water 55,000cubic meter/day

IMPORTANT FIGURES:

Plant and Townships area 1273 Acres

Project actual cost 660 CroresRs. (Aonla I)

955 CroresRs. (Aonla II)

Zero Date 8th January 1985 (Aonla I)

1st January 1994 (Aonla II)

AWARDS

1). IFFCO Aonla-I has bagged two prestigious national awards –

one for best project implementation, (second award) by Ministry

of Programme implementation.

2). IFFCO Aonla unit has won the FAI(Fertiliser Association of

India) award for excellence in safety for the year 2001-2002.

3). National Energy conservation Award-2003 (Certificate of

Merit) .

4). NSCI(National Sefety Council of India) Safety Award-2002

(Prashansa Patra)

The instrument that is used for measurements shall have static and dynamic

characteristics as explained below.

Accuracy

Accuracy is the difference between the reading of the Instrument and the true values

of that which is measured.

Sensitivity

Sensitivity of an Instrument is the ability to respond to a small change in the value

being measured. It is the smallest change that will cause effective motion of the

measuring element.

Performance

Performance is the ability of an Instrument to read without change in accuracy for

day’s weeks, and months, is important. Performance means that the instrument must

be built of the material.

A thermocouple is a device consisting of two different

conductors (usually metal alloys) that produce a voltage

proportional to a temperature difference between either end of the

pair of conductors. Thermocouples are a widely used type of

temperature sensor for measurement and control ,it can be also

used to convert a heat gradient into electricity. They are

inexpensive, interchangeable, are supplied with standard

connectors. The main limitation with thermocouples is accuracy

and system errors of less than one degree Celsius (C) can be

difficult to achieve.

Thermocouples are usually standardized against a reference

temperature of 0 degrees Celsius; practical instruments use

electronic methods of cold-junction compensation to adjust for

varying temperature at the instrument terminals. Electronic

instruments can also compensate for the varying characteristics of

the thermocouple, and so improve the precision and accuracy of

measurements.

Figure: - Measuring circuit for Thermocouple.

A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance varies

significantly with temperature, more so than in standard resistors.

Figure:-Thermistor

Thermistors are widely used as current limiters and temperature

sensors.

Thermistors differ from resistance temperature detectors (RTD) in

that the material used in a thermistor is generally a ceramic or

polymer, while RTDs use pure metals. The temperature response

is also different; RTDs are useful over larger temperature ranges.

The relationship between resistance and temperature is linear,

then:

Where-

ΔR = change in resistance

ΔT = change in temperature

k = first-order temperature coefficient of resistance

DEFINITION OF PRESSURE:-

The force acting on unit area is

defined as pressure.

When a fluid is contact with a boundary, it produce a force at

right angle to that boundary. The force produced per unit area is

called the pressure of the fluid.

Types of Pressure –

1. Gauge pressure

2. Differential pressure

3. Absolute pressure

CAPACITANCE TYPE-

Figure:- Capacitance level sensor.

Capacitance level sensors excel in sensing the presence of a wide variety

of solids, aqueous and organic liquids. The technique is frequently

referred to the radio frequency signals applied to the capacitance circuit.

Capacitance level sensors are electronic

devices, phase modulation and the use of higher

frequencies makes the sensor suitable for

applications in which dielectric constants are

similar.

The sensor contains no moving parts, is

rugged, simple to use, easy to clean, and can be

designed for high temperature and pressure

applications.

Ultrasonic level sensors are used for non-contact level

sensing of highly viscous liquids, as well as bulk solids. They are

also widely used in water treatment applications for pump control

and open channel flow measurement. The sensors emit high

frequency (20 kHz to 200 kHz) acoustic waves that are reflected

back to and detected by the emitting transducer.

Ultrasonic level sensors are also affected by the changing

speed of sound due to moisture, temperature, and pressures. The

sound wave from being properly reflected to the sensor.

Since the ultrasonic transducer is used both for

transmitting and receiving the acoustic energy. Ultrasonic sensors

can be designed to provide point level control, continuous

monitoring or both.

Fig:-Ultrasonic Level

1. FLOW LEVEL SENSOR.

2. FIRE SENSOR.

3. PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR.

4. MOISTURE SENSOR.

MY EXPERIENCE IN IFFCO AONLA1. My experience was good.2. In IFFCO plant , I learnt that how to

manage the industry or plant at a high level.

3. I also learnt that how to manage the worker and employer with politely.

4. I saw that the electronics devices used in industry level.

5. Over all my experience was superb and i learnt many thinqs about this industry.

THANK YOU