IDEAL REACTOR AND IDEAL REACTOR MODELS

PRESENTED BY;

RAHAT INAYAT ALI 14CH23

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REACTORS

• A vessel designed to contain chemical reactions is called a reactor.

• An industrial reactor is a complex chemical device in which heat transfer, mass transfer,

diffusion or friction may occur along with chemical reaction.

• The chemical reactors play an important role in overall chemical processes . the design of a

chemical reactor is the most important factor in determining what will be the overall process

worth or capital cost of the product

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BASIC OF THE REACTOR:

• REACTION TYPE

• REMOVAL/ADDITION OF HEAT

• NEED FOR CATALYST

• PHASES INVOLVE

• THE MODE OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONTROL.

• PRODUCTION CAPACITY OR FLOW

• RESIDENCE TIME

• CONTACT/MIXING BETWEEN THE REACTANTS

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IDEAL REACTORS

• Ideal reactors are the ideal model used to estimate and optimize the designing , functionality ,

behavior and technical problem that will occur during the chemical conversion

There are basically two types of the ideal tank reactor.

• The ideal tank reactor is one in which stirring is so efficient that the contents are always

uniform in composition and temperature throughout.

• The ideal tubular reactor is one in which elements of the homogeneous fluid reactant stream

move through a tube as plugs moving parallel to the tube axis. it is assumed that there is no

back mixing of fluid elements.

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IDEAL REACTOR MODELS

IDEAL BATCH REACTOR:

• There is no flow into the reactor, or flow out of it. This is like “fill it shut it” model.

• We drop the reactants in at the beginning and don’t mess or interrupt with things later.

As the reactions proceed, the composition changes, so rate of the reaction vary with

respect to the time

• The temperature is the maintained constant in the reactor.

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• Rate of the reaction is uniform through out the reactor volume.

• The reactants are fully converted in to desired product no such side reaction occur.

• The batch reactor are used where we need optimum conversion of the reactants into the

product.

• It is used for small-scale operation or for manufacture of expensive products or for testing

studies.

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IDEAL CONTINUOUSLY STIRRED TANK REACTOR (CSTR):

• This is the most commonly used industrial reactor . It is also called back mix reactor.

• In this type of the reactor in and out flow occur .

• The reactor contents are uniformly mixed, so there is no

Spatial variation in composition or temperature.

• The reactor is assumed to be a steady state in terms of flow rate.

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• This type of the reactor is used where we need the more and continuous product per unit time.

• As there is no variation in the concentration and temperature anywhere in the reactor so

composition is same at the exit as well as in the reactor.

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IDEAL TUBULAR REACTOR:

• The ideal tubular reactor is one in which elements of the homogeneous fluid reactant stream

move through a tube as plugs moving parallel to the tube axis. it is assumed that there is no

back mixing of fluid elements.

• The flow pattern in the tabular reactor is referred to as plug flow or piston flow.

• There is no variation of properties in the radial direction of the tube. Reactants are continuously

consumed as they flow down the length of the reactor.

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• As there is no variation in the concentration and temperature anywhere in the reactor so

composition is same at the exit as well as in the reactor.

• All components move at the same speed, so there is no overtaking.

• The plug flow reator is said to operated at steady state condition.

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REFERENCES

• THE ELEMENTS OF THE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING KINETICS BY FOGLER

AND

• INTRODUCTION TO THE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING KINETICS AND REACTOR DESIGN BY JS SMITH

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CONCLUSION:

• REACTORS ARE THE BACKBONE OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

• IDEAL REACTOR GIVES US THE INFORMATION WHAT WILL BE THE BEHAVIOR OF THE REACTOR IN THE REAL

OPERATING CONDITIONS.

• THERE ARE BASICALLY THREE TYPE OF THE IDEAL REACTOR BATCH, CSTR AND TUBULAR REACTOR.

• THE BATCH IS MOST EFFICIENT ONE , WHILE CSTR YIELD MORE AND CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION WHILE

TUBULAR IS SUITABLE FOR THE PLUG FLOW REACTORS.

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