GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE

GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE

BY: NOUMAN TAHIR 14-CE-128

LOCATIONThe golden gate bridge is constructed on channel between san- francisco bay and pacific ocean. This peninsula is 3 miles long and 1mile wide. The structure links the U.S. city of San Francisco, on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, to Marin County, bridging both san-francisco and California State across the strait.

Satellite view

GENERAL INFORMATION OF BRIDGEChief engineer Joseph Strauss Architecture Irving Foster MorrowBeginning of project 5 January 1933Completion 28 May 1937Cost $ 35 millionStatus in use

Project type

Structure suspension bridge It opened in 1937 and was, until 1964, the longest suspension main bridge span in the world.function/usage motorway bridge/ freeway bridge Material steel bridge Color of bridge international orange

Dimensions of bridge

main span 1 280 mlength of side spans 345 mtotal length 2 737 m

Cables number of cables 2 strands per cable 92 wires per strand 27 572deck deck depth 7.6 m deck width 27 m clearance/elevation 67 mTower height 230 m

Dimensions

elevation

67m

Purpose of elevation

An elevation/clearance of 67m was given to allow the passage of massive and huge ships under the bridge.

Material used in construction

cables

Cables are entirely made up of steel.Deck truss

Made up of steel using rivets.pylons

Made up of steels and sections are joined together by using rivets.

Joining of sections by rivets

CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE

COMPONENTSThe north pier, which supports the tower, was built easily on a bedrock ledge 6m below the water. But on the southern San Francisco side, Strauss had to build his pier in the open ocean, 30m below the surface.

Steel frame and steel cables.

weight-blocks which ballast the cable anchorage.Provided for stabilization. Pier: The pier, made up of 147,600 tons of concrete, was built in 37m of open water. This was achieved by the concrete fender that in itself is a marvel of construction; it is 108m long and 56m wide at the center line of the bridge.

Suspended cantilever construction.

Suspended cantilever construction

Construction challengesThe bridge in this location should withstand brutal winds, tide, and fog. It is also located less than 13km from the epicenter of the most catastrophic earthquake in history.There was high speed moving water at spot where south tower had to be constructed. The construction of south side pier started from 30 m below hard rock bed.Cable anchorage was a challenging task for engineers.

Fog and cable anchorage challenges

Loading on bridgeThe most important types of loadings considered on the bridge construction are: Dead load, Super-imposed dead load, Live Traffic, Wind, Temperature

This bridge is designed constructed in a way that it can bear:90 mph of wind.8.0 intensity earthquake.

Wage of workers Every worker earned $4 to $11 per day.

Workers died during construction 11 workers died during construction. Safety A safety net was tied below elevations to avoid any loss of life. 19 lives were saved by this net.

Visiting the bridge

The bridge is popular with pedestrians and bicyclists, and was built with walkways on either side of the six vehicle traffic lanes. Initially, they were separated from the traffic lanes by only a metal curb, but railings between the walkways and the traffic lanes were added in 2003, primarily as a measure to prevent bicyclists from falling into the roadway.

SuicidesThe Golden Gate Bridge is the second most used suicide site/suicide bridge in the world.

Brief glimpse of all aspects

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