Generation of Mobile Networks

Presented by Rajat Soni 140291

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Introduction•Mobile communication is an important aspect in

communication technology and mobile phone has become the most common tool of communication over the recent years.

•Several innovative improvements regarding mobile communication technologies have been made by developing various multiple-access schemes used for wireless communication (such as TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA) etc..

• The big challenge is to select the right technology for the applications and systematically identify the factors that influence the overall performance

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The first generation was introduced in the early 1980s. 1G wireless was analog cell phones with the speeds up to 2.4kbps.

The second generation fielded in the late 1980s.It was planned mainly for voice transmission with digital signal speeds up to 64kbps.

The third generation was developed in the late 1990s .3G

provided the transmission speeds from 125kbps to 2Mbps

The fourth generation raised in 2002. The speeds of 4G can theoretically be promised up to 1Gbps.

The beyond will be 5G with incredible transmission speed with no limitation for access and zone size.

Time-line from 1G to 4G and beyond

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Evolution of mobile Networks

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1st Generation• Analog cell phones.• A voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency

of about 150MHz• speed up to 2.4kbps• Allows users to make voice calls only

Access method:FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)

ProvidersNMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone)AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)

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Drawbacks Of 1G

•Poor voice quality• Poor battery life• Large phone size• No security• Frequent call drops• Limited capacity and poor handoff

reliability.

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2nd Generation• 2G is the digital system that we are using even today• the speeds up to 64kbps• 2.5G, with packet switching supports data transmission

over GPRS • 2G system uses TDMA and few uses CDMA

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Digital cell phonesSpeed: 10kbits/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song:

31-41 minDifferent Services :

digital voice callingshort message service (SMS)

Standards: GSM

CDMA

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• Digital systems• Technology to increase capacity• Speech compression; digital signal

processing• “Intelligent Network” concepts• Improve fraud prevention

• 2G Data Transmission CapacityWith GPRS transfer speed of max. 50

kbit/s .With EDGE transfer speed of max. 1

Mbit/s

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Benefits:• consume less battery power• improves the voice clarity • reduces noise in the line• secrecy and safety to the data and voice calls

Drawbacks: circuit switched inefficiency in usage of bandwidth Reduce range of sound. Weaker digital signal.

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3rd Generation 2G networks were built mainly for voice data and

slow transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do not meet today's wireless needs.

3G networks provide the ability to transfer voice data and non-voice data over the same network simultaneously.

Developed in the late 1990s until present day

Japan is the first country having introduced 3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to 3G is being largely completed during 2005/2006.Applications :

Internet, e-mail, fax, e-commerce, music, video clips, and videoconferencing

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Features includes:- Phone calls- Global roaming- Send/receive large email messages- High-speed Web- Videoconferencing- TV streaming-GPS

Speed: 144kb/sec-3mb/sec  Time to download a 3min MP3 song: 11sec-1.5min

13Advantages More bandwidth , security & reliability. Inter-portability between services providers. High data rates. Rich multimedia services. Always online devices. Disadvantages Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses. Numerous differences in the licensing terms. It is a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for

3G high at cost

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3.5G (HSPA)

HSPA is an amalgamation of two mobile telephony protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and improves the performance of existing WCDMA protocols3.5G introduces many new features that will enhance the UMTS technology in future. These include:

- Adaptive Modulation and Coding- Fast Scheduling- Backward compatibility with 3G- Enhanced Air Interface

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4th Generation• 4G development focuses around achieving ultra-

broadband speeds, competing with and in some cases outstripping the speeds provided by your home internet connection.

• 4G average speeds are targeted to be in the 100Mbps to 1Gbps range

• LTE stands for Long Term Evolution• Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mbps• Based on UMTS 3G technology• Optimized for All-IP traffic

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CharacteristicsFaster and more reliable – 100 Mbps Lower cost than previous generations. Multi-standard wireless system Coverage of wide area. Wide Variety of services capability. IPv6 core Potentially IEEE standards 802.11 Only packet switching used unlike previous

generations.

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• Uses OFDM for downlink• Uses SC-FDMA for uplink• Uses MIMO• Reduced power consumption• Higher RF power amplifier efficiency

Advantages • High usability• Low transmission cost.• Higher bandwidth • High network security.

Disadvantages• very expensive implementation.

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• One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC.MAGIC:

Mobile Multimedia Anytime Anywhere Global Mobility Support Integrated Wireless Solution Customized Personal Services

• Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere.

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5th Generation• 5G is a is a technology used in research papers and

projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunication standards.It is a Real wireless world that is a complete WWWW: World Wide Wireless Web. 5G technology has changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. A user would never have experienced such a high value technology.

• 5G technology is going to be a new mobile revolution in mobile market.5G technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted call volumes and infinite data broadcast within latest mobile operating system.

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Real wireless world with no more limitations with access & zone issues

Wearable devicesIPv6, where a visiting care of mobile IP address is

assigned according to location & connected network

One unified global standardSmart radioThe user can simultaneously be connected with

several wireless access technologyMultiple concurrent data transfer path

Key concepts

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Comparison chart

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We have seen how the technology has progressed through the years.

4G mobile technologies will stimulate subscriber interest in broadband wireless applications

because of its ability and flexibility towards the world of wireless mobile communications.

4G just right started from 2002 and there are many standards and technologies, which are still

in developing process.4G is the evolution based on 3G’s limitation and it will fulfil the idea of WWWW(5G), World Wide

Wireless Web, offering more services and smooth global roaming with inexpensive cost

Since 3G mobile is still in the market, 4G reduces the market competition in the mobile industry

Conclusion

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ReferencesGenerations of mobile wireless technology: A survey By mudit ratana bhalla & anand vardhan bhallaInternational journal of computer applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 5– no.4, august 2010

Evolution and development towards 4th generation (4g) mobile communication systemsBy M. Junaid arshad, amjad farooq, abad shah Journal of american science

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