Upload
wakarjan
View
26
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Waqar Jan
Presentat ion Content
Presentat ion Content
1. History2. Statistics3. First Aid4. Securing the Site5. First Aid Kit6. Fundamental of First Aid
• A-B-C (Airway-Breathing-Circulation)• Control of Bleeding• Burns• Snakes and Spider Bites• Eyes
7. First Aid & Medical Services – OSHA & Site Requirement8. Trainings
Histor ica l BackgroundH istor ica l
Background
First Aid For AllIt All Began in Solferino ...
A battle in northern Italy sparked an idea that has since changed the world. On 24 June1859, Henry Dunant, a young Geneva businessman, witnessed horrifying suffering andagony following the battle of Solferino. He mobilized the civilian population, mainlywomen and girls, to care for the wounded irrespective of their role in the conflict. Hesecured them with the necessary materials and supplies and helped in the establishmentof temporary hospitals. His book “A memory of Solferino” inspired the establishment ofthe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863.
Stat ist icsStat ist ics
Non-Fatal Injuries
Year MichiganRate
NationalRate
2013 3.7 3.3
2012 4.0 3.4
2011 3.8 3.4
2010 4.2 3.5
2009 4.2 3.6
2008 4.4 3.9
2007 4.9 4.2
2006 5.0 4.4
Rate per 100 workers
2013
Total
Violence and other injuries by
persons or animals
Transportation
incidents
Fires andexplosions
Falls, slips, trips
Exposure to harmfulsubstances or environments
Contact with objectsand equipment
18 -- 5 1 6 -- 4
2012
Total
Violence and other injuries by
persons oranimals
Transportation
incidents
Fires andexplosions
Falls, slips, trips
Exposure to harmfulsubstances or environments
Contact with objectsand equipment
19 4 6 -- 5 -- 4
2011
Total
Violence and other injuries by
persons oranimals
Transportation
incidents
Fires andexplosions
Falls, slips, trips
Exposure to harmfulsubstances or environments
Contact with objectsand equipment
23 -- 5 -- 13 3 1
Fatal Injuries
Fatal Injuries Non-fatal Injuries
Michigan
Nation-wide
Prompt, properly administered first aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent disability, and even life or death.
FIRST AID = FIRST HELP
What is First Aid?According to OSHA First Aid is an emergency care provided for injury or illness:
• Immediately after it occurs
• At the location where it occurred
• Often consists of a onetime short term treatment
• Requires little technology or training to administer
Fi rs t A idF i rs t A id
Prompt, properly administered first aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent disability, and even life or death.
Basic First AidTraining List
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Sever Bleeding
Broken Bone & Fractures
Burns
Chocking on An Obstruction
Head Injuries And Concussion
Cuts and Abrasions
Electric Shock
Heart Attack
Stroke Recognition
Moving an Injured Person
Drug Overdose
Unconscious Victim
Eye Injuries
Chemical Burns
Rescue
Site Specific Topics
Fi rs t A idF i rs t A id
Training Course Outline for first aid class – Page 123, Fig. 4PEARSON CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY – Page 123
Prompt, properly administered first aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent disability, and even life or death.
First Aid can Include• cleaning minor cuts, scrapes, or scratches; • treating a minor burn; • applying bandages and dressings; • the use of non-prescription medicine; • draining blisters; • removing debris from the eyes; • massage; • drinking fluids to relieve heat stress • and more….
Fi rs t A idF i rs t A id
Fi rst A idF i rst A id
Prompt, properly administered first aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent disability, and even life or death.
This gap in time is when First Aid proves itself.
To when medical care can be administered
From the momentWhen injury happens
First Aid Importance
Response T ime
Response T ime
4 to 6 minutes
= difference between life and death
CPR, BLEEDING AT PRESSURE POINTS, OR CHOKING
IMMEDIATE RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL
Before emergency medical treatment is available.
Secur ing the Scene
Secur ing the Scene
• Electrical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Noxious & Toxic gases
• Ground hazards
• Fire
• Unstable equipment
Before performing any First Aid, Check for:Securing the scene
First aid kits are to be:• Easily accessible to employees;• Clearly marked;• Stored in containers that protect kit items from damage, deterioration, or contamination;• Easily moved to the location of an injured or acutely ill person, and• Placed on vehicles in the absence of readily-accessible first aid kits in a fixed location.
Selection Criteria:• How many people will the kit be servicing?• What sort of injuries are likely where the kit is to be available?• Does it need to be portable or will it be kept in a fixed location?• How much space do you have to keep the kit?• How much training the first aiders got?
Fi rst A idK i t
F i rst A idK i t
1910.266 App A
First Aid supplies as recommended by National Safety Council (NSC).
Minimum recommended content of workplace firstaid.PEARSON CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY – Page 125, fig. 5
Fundamenta l o f F i rst A idFundamenta l o f F i rst A id
ABC’sABC’s
A-B-C is the condition when a person airwayis blocked, and not capable to breath. Thiscondition stops oxygen to reach the lungsand be circulated around the body in theblood, which will result in hypoxia andcardiac arrest.
What is A-B-C (Airway-Breathing –Circulation)?
open
closed
obstructed
Tongue
ABC’sABC’s
Electrical
Drowning Toxic - Noxious gases Suffocation
Heart Attack
Trauma
Drugs Allergic reactions
Causes of Respiratory/Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac Arrest happens due to the health condition or environmental exposure.
321If CPR/Artificial respiration is
administered, chance of brain
damage:0 to 4 minutes –
4 to 6 minutes –
6 to 10 minutes –
10 minutes + –
Recovery rate of victim if has artificial respiration done immediately
Oxygenated blood flow must get to brain
45678910React ion
T ime to ABCReact ion
T ime to ABC
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
ABC’sABC’s
Chain of Survival
The 5 links in the adult Chain of Survival are:1. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the
emergency response system
2. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on chest compressions
3. Rapid defibrillation
4. Effective advanced life support
5. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Early Access
”911”Early CPR
You
Early
Defibrillation
You
Early Advanced Care
Hospital
Early
EMS on scene
Fi rst A idCPR
Fi rst A idCPR
• Look listen-feel for breathing
• Check cavity for oral obstruction
Attempt to Ventilate
Establish responsivenessRecovery position
Use chin lift/head tilt30 CompressionsTo 2 Breaths
• Ask are you OK?• Call 911
Check pulse
- First or recurrent heart attack 1.25
million
- 70% deaths from heart attack occur
before victim reaches hospital
- Strokes 3rd leading cause to death.
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Chock ingChock ing
also called Conscious Airway Obstruction.
Heimlich Maneuver
2. Give abdominal thrusts:
• Place a clenched fist above the belly button.
• Grasp your fist with your other hand.
• Pull inward and upwards up to 5 times.
• Check the mouth for dis lodged objects.
.
3. Give 3 full cycles of 1 (back blows) and 2 (abdominal thrust).
4. Call 911 if the victim is still choking and repeat 1 and 2 until help arrives.
How can choking be prevent?
In adults:
•Cut food into small pieces.
•Chew food slowly and thoroughly, especially if wearing dentures.
•Avoid laughing and talking while chewing and swallowing.
•Avoid excessive intake of alcohol before and during meals
If you are alone and choking, perform thrusts on yourself, or thrust your abdomen against a chair back, sink edge, or railing.
1. Give back blows with the heel of the hand:
• Bend the person forward.
• Give up to 5 sharp blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of the hand.
• Check the mouth for dislodged objects.
Contro l o f B leed ing
Contro l o f B leed ing
Temporal
Facial
Carotid
Sub-clavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
Where the artery passes over a bone close to the skin
Pressure Points
Human body contains ≈10 pints of blood, 1 pints may result in shock, 5-6 pint usually in death.
Veins
Capillary
Steady flow
Oozing
Artery
Types of Bleeding
Direct Pressure Elevation
Cold Applications
Control of Bleeding
Spurting
Pressure bandage
Internal InjuriesUntil emergency help arrives, try to controlbleeding. If possible, first put on rubber orlatex gloves before touching any blood. Ifthese are not available, a clean plastic bagcan be used to cover your hands. It isimportant not to come in contact withblood because of the health risks.
Do NOT breathe, blow, or cough on the burn.Internal InjuryInternal Injury
Contro l o f B leed ing
Contro l o f B leed ing
TourniquetAbsolute last resort in controlling bleeding Life or limb
Once a tourniquet is applied, it is not to be removed , only by a doctor.TourniquetTourniquet
Shock affects all major functions of the body
loss of blood flow to the tissues and organs
Symptoms
•Lie victim down if possible
•Face is pale-raise the tail
•Face is red-raise the head
•Loosen tight clothing
•Keep victim warm and dry
•Do not give anything by mouth
•No stimulants
First Aid
What is Shock?
Shock is the failure of the circulatory system to provide oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body.
ShocksShocks
Shock is caused by severe blood and fluid loss, such as from traumatic bodily injury, which makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body, or severe anemia where there is not enough blood to carry oxygen through the body.
1st Degree orSuperficial Burns
2nd Degree orPartial Thickness Burns
3rd Degree orFull Thickness Burns
BurnsBurns
Chemical Burns to Eye
Is an injury that results from heat, chemical agent or radiation. It may vary in: depth, size and severity
Scalds – is a burn caused by a liquid
Do Not
•Do NOT apply ointment, butter, ice, medications, cream, oil spray, or any household remedy to a severe burn.•Do NOT breathe, blow, or cough on the burn.•Do NOT disturb blistered or dead skin.•Do NOT remove clothing that is stuck to the skin.•Do NOT give the person anything by mouth, if there is a severe burn.•Do NOT immerse a severe burn in cold water. This can cause shock.•Do NOT place a pillow under the person’s head if there is an airways burn. This can close the airways.
Call 911 if:
•The burn is extensive (the size of your palm or larger).•The burn is severe (third degree).•You aren’t sure how serious it is.•The burn is caused by chemicals or electricity.•The person shows signs of shock.•The person inhaled smoke.•Physical abuse is the known or suspected cause of the burn.•There are other symptoms associated with the burns
First Aid – 1st Degree Burns
BurnsBurns
Snake & Sp ider B i tes
Snake & Sp ider B i tes
Rattlesnake Copperhead
FIRST AID
Black Widow Brown Recluse
• Call medical help immediately if possible.
• Remain calm.
• Minimize movement if possible.
• Remove any rings, bracelets or watches. Loosen any tight clothing in case swelling occurs.
• Apply a pressure bandage to the bitten area.
• Splint or use a sling above the bitten part to restrict movement.
• If possible, lie down and keep the bitten extremity at body level. Raising it can cause venom to travel through the body quicker. Holding it down, can increase swelling.
• When possible arrange for transport to the nearest hospital emergency room, where anti-venom for snakes common to the area will often be available and given if required.
Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
Day 6 Day 8 Day 9
Brown Recluse
Snake & Sp ider B i tes
Snake & Sp ider B i tes
EyesEyes
The most prevalent sources of eye injuries include the following:
• Scrap materials, waste, and windblown dust
• Flying material particles or slivers from wood, metal, plastic, and cement
• Chemicals or chemical products
• Falling or misdirected objects
• UV light from welding torches
Caring for Eye Injuries Common Causes of Eye InjuriesKnowing what to do in an emergency may save your vision and/or the vision of your coworkers.
• Know the locations of eyewash stations in
your workplace.
• Keep emergency sterile eyewash solutions
accessible to you, your coworkers, and employees.
• Understand basic first-aid techniques.
There are 700,000
work related eye
injuries each year,
90% are preventable
with proper safety
eyewear.
EyesOSHAEyesOSHA
Hazard Assessment
Hazard type Examples of Hazard Common Related Tasks
Impact Flying objects such as large chips, fragments, particles, sand, and dirt
Chipping, grinding, machining, masonry work, wood working, sawing, drilling, chiseling, powered fastening, riveting, and sanding
Heat Anything emitting extreme heat Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, and welding
Chemicals Splash, fumes, vapors, and irritating mists Acid and chemical handling, degreasing, plating, and working with blood
Dust Harmful dust Woodworking, buffing, and general dusty conditions
Optical Radiation Radiant energy, glare, and intense light Welding, torch-cutting, brazing, soldering, and laser work
EyesFirst Aid
EyesFirst Aid
Cuts, Punctures Object Imbedded• DO NOT flush the eye.• DO NOT try to remove an object stuck in an eye.• Stabilize the eye with a rigid shield, with no
pressure. Also, bandage the other eye.• Seek medical assistance immediately.
Chemical Burns• Immediately flush the eye(s) with water while
hold the eye open as wide as possible.• Water for 15 minutes. If caustic is involved, flush
for 15 minutes and while in route to ER.• Seek medical assistance immediately
Particles in the Eye• DO NOT rub the eye.• Gently lift and pull upper eye lid over bottom eye
lid.• Irrigate the eye with water or eye solution.• If speck does not come out see a doctor.
Blows to the eye• Apply a cold compress without pressure. • Tape a plastic bag containing crushed ice to the
forehead and let it rest gently on the injured eye. • See a doctor at once in cases of continued pain,
reduced vision, blood in the eye, or discoloration, which can mean internal eye damage.
First Aid
Safety At WorkIs Everyone’s Business.
EyesSafetyEyes
Safety
First Aid & Medical ServicesOSHA Standards
First Aid & Medical ServicesOSHA Standards
General Industry • 1910.269(b), Medical services and first aid
o 1910.266(d)(2), First-aid kitso Appendix A, First-aid kits (Mandatory)o Appendix B, First-aid and CPR training (Mandatory)
• 1910.269, Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution• 1910.269(b), Medical services and first aid
Shipyard Employment• 1915.87, Medical services and first aid
Marine Terminals • 1917.26, First aid and lifesaving facilities
Long shoring • 1918.97, First aid and lifesaving facilities
Construction Industry• 1926.23, First aid and medical attention• 1926.50, Medical services and first aid
Standards
Site First Aid and Medical ServicesSite First Aid and Medical Services
Site First Aid is part of the Emergency Plan and it must address:
• How an injury will be treated?
• If transportation is required how will that occur?
Emergency Plan
29 CFR 1926.35
First AidRequirement
First AidRequirement
Most jurisdiction requires ONE person on each crew to have a full updated First Aid training.
Most contractors requires ALL field management personal to have current first aid card.
First AidTrainingFirst AidTraining
1050 Fuller Ave NEGrand Rapids, MI(616) 456-8661
OSHA recommends the following courses as an orientation to occupational safety and health for workers. Each student who successfully passes receives an “OSHA card” which is required for many work sites, insurance and job bids.
The 10 hour program provides a broad overview of the role OSHA plays in the workplace and their roles and responsibilities regarding safety.•Construction•General Industry
The 30 hour supervisor program provides more in-depth coverage of hazard recognition, abatement and prevention as well as worker rights.•Construction•General Industry
Refresher courses are available for Construction.•5 hour•15 hour (supervisor)
29420 Fuller Ave NEGrand Rapids, MI(616) 447-2650
Use PPEBe SafeUse PPEBe Safe