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Main Headquarters: 120 Water Street, Suite 350, North Andover, MA 01845 With offices in: NY, ME, TX, CA, OR www.ers-inc.com
FACILITY SCALE ENERGY STORAGE
Jesse Remillard – Energy & Resource Solutions
Mike Rovito – Energy & Resource Solutions
Alex J Hill – Dunsky Energy Consulting
Casey Mastro - NYSERDA
1. Introduction
2. Definitions and key terminology
3. Facility scale value streams
4. Energy storage technologies
5. Technical and market barriers
AGENDA
8/26/2014 2
To ensure power quality and level demand
For integration of renewable generation
Incentives
NYSERDA and Con Edison
$2,100/kW for batteries
$2,600/kW for thermal storage
PG&E
$1,620/kW for advanced energy storage
MODERNIZED GRIDS NEED STORAGE
8/26/2014 3
KEY TERMINOLOGY
8/26/2014 4
Power capacity = rated kW
Energy capacity = rated kWh
Discharge time =Energy capacity
Avg. power output
Depth of discharge (DOD) = capacity used
Roundtrip Efficiency
Cycle life = number of useful cycles
1. Resiliency and power quality
2. Demand charge reduction
3. Demand response
4. Retail energy time shift
5. Renewables integration
FACILITY BENEFITS
8/26/2014 5
Systems that require high power quality or uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
Data centers or telecommunications, emergency response, medical, industrial
No direct monetary return but necessary to maintain production
The most common type of facility energy storage seen today
RESILIENCY AND QUALITY
8/26/2014 6
Facilities with >50% of their electric bill from demand charges are key candidates.
Savings Example for 100 kW, 200 kWh System 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 × $𝟏. 𝟓/𝐤𝐖 + 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 × $𝟏. 𝟎𝟎/𝐤𝐖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐖 × 𝟗𝟎%
Savings = $38,340/year
Installed cost = $200,000 • Lead acid battery, indoors at $1,000/kWh
Simple payback = 5.2 years
DEMAND CHARGE REDUCTION
8/26/2014 7
DEMAND PROFILE
8/26/2014 8
Some utilities incentivize demand reduction during peak demand events
Cost savings of $10,000 to $15,000 for a 100kW system installed in NYC
DEMAND RESPONSE
8/26/2014 9
Shifting use from high cost periods to low cost periods
Highest payback with large peak price differential
Not cost effective by itself to install energy storage at current price points
RETAIL ENERGY TIME SHIFT
8/26/2014 10
Energy storage is critical for the integration of large amounts of grid scale renewable generation
Provides power quality regulation and energy time shift.
RENEWABLES INTEGRATION
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Purpose Power Discharge Usage Payback (w/o
incentives)
Resiliency and power quality
100 kW to 1 MW
≤ 15 minutes Variable NA (Critical to
production)
Demand charge reduction
50 kW to 1 MW
1 to 4 hours Daily 5-7 years
Demand response 50 kW to
1 MW 4 to 6 hours Infrequent
>> equipment
life
Retail Energy Time Shift
100 kW to 1 MW
1 to 6 hours Daily >> equipment
life
Renewables integration
100 kW to 500 MW
several hours Daily >> equipment
life
VALUE STREAM SUMMARY
8/26/2014 12
Commercial
1. Lead acid batteries
2. Lithium ion
3. Sodium sulfur
4. Flywheels
Other Promising Emerging
1. Flow batteries
2. Sodium nickel chloride batteries
TECHNOLOGIES
8/26/2014 13
TECHNOLOGY COST CURVE
14 Source: Smart Planet, http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/smart-takes/cars-will-top-computers-as-no-1-lithium-battery-market-by-2015/18500
Status: Most mature, lowest capital cost, widely used $700 to $1,200/kWh Widely accepted by building codes
Con: Performance lacking 300 to 500 cycle life, 3 to 5 year shelf life efficiencies of 70% to 80%
Pro: Advanced lead acid batteries improve
performance Easily recycled
LEAD ACID
8/26/2014 15
LITHIUM ION
16 Source: Smart Planet, http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/smart-takes/cars-will-top-computers-as-no-1-lithium-battery-market-by-2015/18500
Status: Recently incorporated into NYC building fire code
Con: High cost: $1,500 to $2,500/kWh
Pro: High performance 2,000 to 5,000 cycles 10 to 15 year lifetime Efficiencies upwards of 98%
SODIUM SULFUR (MOLTEN SALT)
8/26/2014 17
Status: Best suited to larger capacity Competitive cost: $750 to $2,000 Not widely accepted by codes
Con: Limited manufacturers High operating temp (>300F)
Pro: Good performance 2,000 to 4,500 cycle life 10 to 15 year shelf life Efficiencies of 70% to 80%
Several commercial suppliers in the USA, but costs are very high: $2,000 to $4,000
Performance and lifetime is very good: indefinite lifetimes and high efficiencies
Not practical for large capacity energy storage
FLYWHEELS
18
Flow
Sodium Nickel Chloride
Zinc Air
Promising, but unproven commercially
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
8/26/2014 19
High costs and limited lifetimes
Systems are large and heavy
Challenging to find suitable locations in urban environments
Chemical and fire hazard concerns
Local fire codes are especially wary of newer commercial systems
BARRIERS TO ADOPTION
8/26/2014 20
Future grids will need energy storage to some extent
Many questions, but research is on-going
CA goal of 33% generation from renewables by 2020 will create market pull for storage
Costs are coming down
Utilities, code officials, and facilities need to work together to integrate energy storage to mutual benefit
SUMMARY
8/26/2014 21
CONTACTS Jesse Remillard
207.622.6888 x 414
Michael Rovito
212.789.8182 x288
Alex J Hill
514.504.9030 x30
8/26/2014 22
TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY
8/26/2014 23
Market Battery
Type
Installed Energy Cost
($/kWh) Roundtrip
Efficiency
Useful Life
Outdoors Indoors Cycle
Life
Expected
Lifetime
(Years)
Co
mm
erci
al T
ech
no
log
ies
Lead
acid
$700 –
$1,000
$800 –
$1,200 70% – 80%
500 –
1,500 3 – 5
Lithium
ion
$1,000 –
$2,000
$1,500 –
$2,500 85% – 98%
2,000 –
5,000 10 – 15
Sodium
Sulfur
(salt)
$750 –
$900
$1,000 –
$2,000 70% – 80%
2,500 –
4,500 10 – 15
Flywheel $2,000 -
$4,000 N/A 85% - 90% > 10,000 >15 yrs