Project Work

Experimental Investigation of Floating slab

Incorporated with Pumice stone and Vermiculite

Title

Group MemberGOWTHAMA PRASANTH . U (13PBECE006)

JAYARAJ . C (13PBECE007)

SIVAPERUMAL . B (13PBECE029)

THIRUMURUGAN . S (13PBECE030)

Guide

MISS. PREETHI WINI . B

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering.

This experimental deals with floating concrete precast slab with addition of vermiculite and

pumice. Buoyancy plays major role on floating objects. In order to design a floating concrete slab Light

Weight Concrete (LWC) plays a prominent role in reducing the density and to increase the thermal

insulation. Light weight concrete (LWC) is formed by Natural aggregate, synthetic light weight aggregate.

Vermiculite is a light weight and cheap product because of its thermal resistance has become a valuable

insulating material. The density of these concrete varies from 750 Kg/m³ to 2050 Kg/m³. Pumice is a

natural graded light weight coarse aggregate which has a dry density of 1200 Kg/m³ to 1450 Kg/m. The

light Weight Concrete (LWC) M20 using the light weight coarse aggregate as Pumice stone as a full

replacement to 100%, light weight fine aggregate as Vermiculite as a replacement of fine aggregate to 75

%. The Cement (Ordinary Portland cement) is partially replaced by Fly Ash up to 50 % and some other

mineral admixture are added which are Steel Fibre and Super plasticizer (SP 430) are added. An

experimental work concludes in which the compression strength of conventional mix has higher strength

and weight. Due to floating condition the specimen must have less density so, specific proportion has low

density while comparing to other mix. Even though the mix 4 has low strength but it has low density and

it is used in precast floating slab. The slab is designed to float above the datum line and with a load

carrying capacity of 1.5 kN. The mix also yields on compressive and split tensile strength of 5.07 N/mm2

and 2.17 N/mm2.

Abstract :

The present day world is witnessing construction of very challenging

and difficult civil engineering structures.

Researchers all over the world are attempting to develop low density or

lightweight concrete by using different admixtures in concrete up to certain

proportions.

This study deals with the development of Floating concrete by using

lightweight aggregate (Pumice stone, Vermiculite) and Aluminium powder as an

air entraining agent.

Introduction :

To Study a precast floating platform on water bodies instead

of over bridge, hanging bridge & Culverts.

From the study of floating object, Greek mathematician and

inventor Archimedes who wrote important works on plane and solid

geometry. He discovered Archimedes' principle.

Archimedes’ principle state that when an object is partially

or fully immersed in a fluid, it experiences an uptrust equal to the weight of fluid is displaced.

Buoyancy = weight of displaced fluid,

Buoyancy ( also known as upthrust)

To determine an object's buoyancy, both its mass and volume must be taken into

consideration.

Buoyancy :

SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE

SCOPE

This study is intended for future development of floating structure.

The main scope of study with the floating structure by a precast floating slab on

water bodies, will be an replacement of over bridge and hanging bridge on the water

bodies.

The design load and design criteria are to be observed by experimental analysis.

The floating slab intended to float above the datum line which should also

withstand the water forces.

An attempt to design a foundation free structure.

.

OBEJECTIVE

The main object of this study with the M20 grade of concrete with a

replacement of pumice and vermiculite as aggregates.

To investigate the characteristic of light weight concrete (LWC) using basic fundamental

floating materials such as vermiculite and pumice.

To develop the floating stability on the given live load.

To develop a floating platform.

To make the user feel the safety and comfort of standing and walking on the platform.

.

.

PROJECT METHODOLOGY

EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGYExperimental work

Casting of Specimen

Cube

Conventional cube (Mix M)

M20 (50% vermi + 50 % Pu)(Mix 1)

M20 (20% vermi)(Mix 2)

M20 (100% Pu + 1 % AP + 2 % SF)

(Mix 3)M20 (50%FA

+75% VERMI +100% Pu + 1 % AP + 2 % SF) (Mix 4)Compressive strength of concreteStrength

and Weigth Analysi

s

Cylinder

Conventional cylinder (Mix M)

M20 (50% vermi + 50 % Pu) (Mix 1)

M20 (20% vermi) (Mix 2)

M20 (100% Pu + 1 % AP + 2 % SF)

(Mix 3)M20 (50% FA +75% VERMI +100% Pu + 1 % AP + 2 % SF) (Mix 4)Tensile strength of concrete

Selection of proportion for slab

Casting of slab - M20 (50%FA +75% VERMI +100% Pu + 1 % AP + 2 % SF) (Mix 4)

Axial loading

Result and Discussion

Conclusion

Abstract of Literature & Journal :

S. No. Title Author Material Used Percentage of

replacement Result Conclusion

1Floating Concrete by using Light Weight Aggregates and Air Entraining Agent

Mukesh D. Ghadge Fine Aggregate – Pumice Powder 100%

compressive strength 8.61

N/mm2 (28 Days)

Which is good for thelight weight concrete and it is possible to produce a Floating and satisfied strength concrete by usingpumice as aggregate

& Coarse Aggregate – Pumice Stones 100%

Vaibhav D. Kamble Admixtures – Aluminium Powder 2%

2Experimental Investigation of Floating Concrete Structure Using Light Weight (Pumice Stone) Aggregate

Roshan Peter Fine Aggregate – Sand -compressive

strength 13.76 N/mm2 (7 Days - M20)

Any structure can be built with 50% replacement of coarse aggregate with pumice stone with the addition of silica fumes by 5%

& Coarse Aggregate – Pumice Stones 50%

A. Anantha Kumar Admixtures – Silica fumes 5%

3

Experimental Study on Light Weight AggregateConcrete with Pumice Stone, Silica Fume and Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate

Lakshmi Kumar Minapu Fine Aggregate – Sand -

compressive strength 37.33 N/mm2 (28

Days- M30)

By using 20% of light weight aggregate as a partial replacement to natural coarse aggregate the compressive strength is promising

M K M V Ratnam Coarse Aggregate – Pumice Stones 20%

Dr. U RangarajuAdmixtures – Fly Ash 5%

Admixtures – Silica fumes 5%

4Experimental Study of Vermiculite Insulated Samples with Conventional Samples in Construction industry

Praveen Kumar E Fine Aggregate – Vermiculite 20%

compressive strength <25.00 N/mm2 (21

Days- M20)

Comparatively the weight of the concrete is much lesser than the conventional concrete (8.5 to 9.5 Kg) Thus the weight obtained for the vermiculite insulated concrete is less than 6 Kg

Manojjkumar C Coarse Aggregate – Pumice Stones -

Prakash K B Admixtures – Fly Ash 5%

Siddesh K Pai Admixtures – Silica fumes 5%

5 Basic Properties of Pumice Aggregate

R.S. Muralinathan Fine Aggregate – sand -compressive

strength 19.10 N/mm2 (28

Days- M20)

Structural Compressive strength of Pumice almost reached normal aggregate compressive strengthV.Ramasamy Coarse Aggregate – Pumice

Stones 50%

Abstract of Literature & Journal :

S.

No.Title Author Material Used Percentage of

replacement Result Conclusion

6

Experimental Study of Light Weight Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate Using Pumice Aggregate

Rajeswari S Coarse Aggregate – Pumice Stone 60%

compressive strength 22.14 N/mm2

(28 Days)

Concrete with 60% replacement of pumice the compressive strength is comparable with normal concrete. This type of concrete can be utilized in wall panels of non load bearing type for use in precast buildings.

Dr.Sunilaa George Fine Aggregate – River sand -

7

An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Light Weight Aggregate (Pumice Stone) Concrete

Sreenu Babu Deyyala

Coarse Aggregate – Pumice Stone 30%

compressive strength 63.11

N/mm2

(28 Days)

The compressive strength of pumice concrete is seen to increase with the fiber content and reaches an optimum value at 1.5% of fiber content and afterwards it gets decreased for various contents of pumice.

Admixture – Silica Fume 7.5%

Steel Fiber 1.5%

8 Study on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggregates by Vermiculite

M.R.Divya, Cement(OPC 53Grade) -

compressive strength 41 N/mm2

(28 Days)

The optimum strength in comparing the strengths for different vermiculite was observed to be 50%.

Prof.M.Rajalingam, Fine Aggregate – Vermiculite 50%

Dr.Sunilaa GeorgeCoarse Aggregate – Natural

Aggregate -

Materials Used :

1. Cement (ordinary Portland cement)- 53 grade

2. Fly ash

3. Fine aggregate

a) Sand

b) Vermiculite

4. Coarse aggregate

a) Pumice Stone

b) Normal aggregate – 20mm

5. Admixtures

a) Steel fiber

b) Aluminum powder

6. Super plasticizers (SP 430)

7. Reinforcement

a) Bamboo stick

b) Chicken mesh

Material properties:

Properties of Cement

S.NO PropertyResult

obtained

Requirement

as per IS

8112-1989

1 Consistency 33 % 33 %

2 Specific gravity 3.15 3.15

3 Fineness (m2/kg) 225 225

4Initial setting time

(minutes)37 >30

Final setting time

(minutes)585 <600

Properties of Fine aggregate:

S.NO Property Value

1 Type River sand

2 Specific gravity 2.74

3 Fineness modulus 2.33

4 Water absorption 1.00 %

5 Unit weight 1470 kg/m³

Properties of Coarse Aggregate Properties of Fly ash:

S. NO. PROPERTY VALUE

1 Specific gravity 2.68

2 Fineness modulus 5.2

3 Water absorption 0.6%

4 Crushing Strength 2.95%

S.NO PROPERTY VALUE

1 Specific gravity 1.70

2 Consistency Non-Plastic

3 Grain SizeFine, Fairly

Uniform

4 Fineness (µ) 90

Properties of Vermiculite

Colour Light to dark brown

Shape Accordion-shaped granule

Bulk density 64-160 kg/cu m

Moisture loss@110 °C 4-10%

pH (in water) 6-9

Combustibility Non-combustible

Sintering temperature 1150-1250 °C

Vermiculite

Properties of Pumice Stone

Pumice Stone

S.NO PROPERTY VALUE

1 Specific gravity 0.95

2 Unit weight 950 kg/m³

3Acoustic

Performance

It can be used as effective sound barrier and

for acoustic solutions.

4Earthquake

Resistantincreases resistance against earthquake

5 Insulation Superior thermal insulation

Properties of Steel Fiber

Steel Fiber

S.N

OPROPERTY VALUE

1Flexural

Strength

Flexural bending strength can be increased of up

to 3 times more compared to conventional

concrete.

2Impact

Resistance

Greater resistance to damage in case of a heave

impact.

3 Permeability The material is less porous.

4 Shrinkage Shrinkage cracks can be eliminated.

5Aspect Ratio

(l/d)0.02

Properties of Aluminium Powder

Aluminium Powder

S.N

O

PROPERTY VALUE

1 Molecular Formula Al

2 Form Powder

3 Color Silver

4 Melting point 660oC (1220o F)

5 Boiling point 2467oC (4473o F)

6 Density 2.7g/ml at 25oC (77o F)

7 Ignition Temperature 760oC (1400o F)

8 Odor Odorless

Properties of Super Plasticizer

Conplast SP 430

S.NO PROPERTY VALUE

1 Appearance Brown liquid

2 Specific gravity 1.20 at 20˚C

3 Chloride content Nil to BS 5075

4 Air Entrainment Less than 2% additional air entrained at Normal dosages

Properties of Bamboo Stick

Bamboo Stick

S.NO PROPERTY VALUE

1 Specific gravity 0.575 to 0.655

2 Modulus of Elasticity (kg/cm2) 1.5 to 2.0 x105

3 Ultimate compressive stress(kg/cm2) 794 to 864

4 Bond stress(kg/cm2) 5.60

Properties of Chicken Mesh

Chicken Mesh

S.NO. PROPERTY VALUE

1 Materials galvanized low carbon wire, annealed wire

2 Mesh size 13 to 50mm..

3 The diameter of the wire mesh 0.6 to 2.0mm

Mix Proportionate Table for Cubes & Cylinder per mixes :

Type of Mix

Cement

(kg)

Fly Ash(kg)

Fine Aggregate(kg)

Coarse Aggregate(kg)

Admixtures(kg)

Super plasticizers(ml)

Sand Vermiculite

20 mm HBG stone (Jelly)

Pumice

Stone

Aluminum

Powder

Steel Fiber

Mix M 32.61 - 58.00 - 75.10 - - - -

Mix 1 32.61 - 46.41 3.68 75.10 - - - 650

Mix 2 32.61 - 29.00 9.21 37.55 12.61 - - 650

Mix 3 32.61 - 58.00 - - 25.20 0.32 0.65 650

Mix 4 16.29 16.29 14.50 13.82 - 25.20 - 0.16 650

Mix Design Table for Slab:

Unit Cement Fly Ash

Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate

Water

Sand Vermiculite Pumice Stone

Kg / m3 209.00 209.00 177.14 185.93 323.18 188.00

Total Kg / m3 418.00 363.00 323.18 188.00

Ratio 1 0.86 0.77 0.45

Design of slab:

By trial and error method if the dead load assumed for a value greater than 16.0 kg. The material required will be more. Which makes the concrete heavier lead to sink the slab in order to make the slab the dead load is taken as 16.00 kg or less. Load calculation :

Dead load = 16.0Live load = 4.0

Total = 20.0 KgAn object with an mass of 20.0 kg and a volume of 23 cm3 (20.0 x 1.15) will have an Fg and Fb of

The force of gravity (Fg) = 20.0 x 9.81 = 196.20 N

Fg = 196.20 N

The buoyant force (Fb) = 23.0 x 9.81 = 225.63 N

Fb = 225.63 NFg < Fb - the object will float.

Slab Design :

Size of slab by volume due to buoyancy (0.023 m3) = 0.50 x 0.3 x 0.15 = 0.0225 m3

Volume of concrete due to dead load = 16.0 / 4.5 = 3.56 * 0.0033 = 0.012 m3The concrete should have only 0.012 m3 , For that assuming 30mm thickness all around and the hallow section to be filled with Polystyrene (Thermocol) sheets

Floating slab:

Mould Preparation Cover Block – 30 mm Mixing of Concrete Placing of Concrete

Vibrating Placing of fillers Fillers with cover block Again Placing of Concrete

Again Vibrating Finishing of concrete Finally molding De-molded slab

SL No. Description of specimen

Specimen Weight (kg)

Compressive strength (N/mm²)

7Days 14 Days 28 Days

1. Mix M 8.46 22.97 26.40 30.00

2. Mix 1 8.35 14.04 15.44 16.84

3. Mix 2 6.40 7.78 8.55 9.33

4. Mix 3 5.35 7.47 8.53 9.73

5. Mix 4 4.50 3.60 4.29 5.07

Specimen Weight 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days0

2.5

5

7.5

10

12.5

15

17.5

20

22.5

25

27.5

30

32.5

35

8.46

22.97

26.4

30

8.35000000000001

14.0415.44

16.84

6.47.78 8.55

9.33

5.35 7.47 8.539.73

4.5 3.6 4.29 5.07

Conventional mix Mix 1 Mix 2 Mix 3 Mix 4

Comparison of Compressive Strength with varies stage

Comparison of Split Tensile Strength with varies stage

Specimen Weight 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days0

2.5

5

7.5

10

12.5

15

12.97

2.43.21

4.36

10.21

1.272.34

3.45

9.55

1.14

2.233.34

8.3

1.02

2.23

3.34

7.04

0.781.24

2.17

Conventional mix Mix 1 Mix 2 Mix 3 Mix 4

SL No.Description of

specimen

Specimen

Weight (kg)

Split tensile strength (N/mm²)

7Days 14 Days 28 Days

1. Mix M 12.97 2.40 3.21 4.36

2. Mix 1 10.21 1.27 2.34 3.45

3. Mix 2 9.55 1.14 2.23 3.34

4. Mix 3 8.30 1.02 2.23 3.34

5. Mix 4 7.04 0.78 1.24 2.17

Failure of Specimen:

Mixing of Concrete

Compression Failure

Tensile Failure

Dimension of Slab

S. No. Age at the timeof testing (Days) Flexural load (kN)

Flexural strength (N/mm2)

1. 28 Days 1.50 0.17

S.No Description Nos. Length Breadth Depth Contents

1 Top & bottom 2 0.50 0.30 0.03 0.0090

2 Longer side 2 0.50 0.09 0.03 0.0027

3 Shorter side 2 0.09 0.24 0.03 0.0012

Total volume of concrete 0.012 m3

Flexural Strength on Slab

Flexural Test on Slab

Demoulded Slab

Failure of specimen Test Setup of Slab

Floating slab:

Placing slab on water

Immersing in tank

Placing weight on slab

Slab with stand about 3.6 kg

Floating slab(Video)

The experimental investigation of precast floating slab have been concluded from the

experimental tests,

In our investigation, pumice and vermiculite are used as light weight

aggregate due to its low bulk density.

Pumice and vermiculite is a good replacement of coarse and fine

aggregate.

Aluminium powder as an air entraining agent, steel fiber is used to

increase its strength and Super plasticizers conplast sp 430 is used to

increase it workability.

The Bamboo stick and chicken mesh can be used as for stability.

The precast floating slab is a good replacement of over bridges at

effective cost.

Conclusion

To increase the strength of the concrete without increasing the density.

To identify better shapes to with withstand the floating condition.

To increase the percentage of slab that to float above the water level (i.e.

above the datum line of the slab is 40mm).

Replacement of filler material.

To increasing the maximum live load to be provided on the slab.

To reduce the corrosive effect.

Future Investigation

1. Dr. U Rangarajuet al (2014). “Experimental study on light weight aggregate concrete with pumice stone, silica fume and fly ash as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate”. International journal of innovating research in science engineering and technology ISSN 2319-8753, ISO 3297:2007 certified organization, volume 3,issue 12.

2. Roshan peter &A.Anathakumar (2016) “Experimental investigation of floating concrete structure using light weight (natural pumice stone) aggregate”. World journal of engineering research and technology WJERT, ISSN 2454-695X, volume 2, issue 2, 118-129.

3. S.Rajeshwari&Dr.Sunilaa George. “Experimental study of light weight concrete by partial replacement of coarse aggregate using pumice aggregate”. International journal of scientific engineering and research(IJSER), ISSN 2347-3878, Impact factor(2015):3.791.

4. N.Sivalingarao et al “Fibre reinforced light weight aggregate (natural pumice stone) concrete”. International journal of scientific and engineering research, ISSN 2229- 5518 volume 4,issue 4,may- 2013.

5. Sreenubabudeyyala“An  experimental  study  on  compressive  strength  of  steel  fibre reinforced  high  strength  light  weight  aggregate(pumice  stone)  concrete”. International journal of engineering research and development, e- ISSN:2278-067X, p-ISSN:2278-800X,volume 10, issue 12(dec 2014),PP.20-24.

Reference

6. E.Praveenkumar et al “Experimental study of vermiculite insulated samples with conventional samples in construction industry” International journal of engineering and technology,Eissn:2319-1163,pISSN: 2321-7308. Volume:4, issue:2 (2015).

7. S.Syedabdulrahman&Gijo K babu “An experimental investigation on light weight concrete using vermiculite minerals” International journal of innovative research in science, engineering and technology, ISSN(online): 2319-8753, ISSN(print): 2347-6710, volume.5, issue 2, February 2016.

8. M.Gunasekaran et al “Study on vermiculite incorporate in mortar” International journal of innovative research in science and technology, ISSN(online):2349-6010, volume 2, issue 12,may(2016)

9. M.R.Divya et al “Study on concrete with replacement of fine aggregates by vermiculite” International journal of new technology and research, ISSN: 2454-4116, volume 2,issue 5, may (2016).

10. P C.Shwethaet al “Experimental study on partial replacement of cement by fly ash with glass fibre reinforcement” International journal of engineering research and technology, ISSN: 2278-0181, volume 4, issue 5, may 2015.

11. Rahul bansalet al “Effect on compressive strength with partial replacement of fly ash” International journal of engineering technology 6 (1) 1-6(2015), ISSN(print):0975-8364, ISSN(online): 2249-3255,

12. R.Vasudev&Dr.B.GVishnuram “Studies on steel fibre reinforced concrete – A sustainable approach” International journal of science and engineering research, ISSN: 2229-5518, volume 4, issue 5, may 2013.

13. P.Jyotsnadevi& K. Srinivasarao “A study on the flexural and split tensile strengths of steel fibre reinforced concrete at high temperatures” International journal of education and applied research, ISSN(online):2348-0033, ISSN(print):2249-4944, volume 4, issue spl-2,june 2014.

14. M.Adamsjoe&A.Mariarajesh “An experimental investigation on the effect of Ggbs and steel fibre in high performance concrete” International journal of computational engineering research, ISSN:2250-3005, volume 4, issue 4, April 2014.

15. Indususan raj &.Elson john “ A study on the properties of air-entraining concrete for masonry blocks” International journal of scientific engineering and technology, ISSN:2277-1581, volume 3, issue 11, pp:1367-1370, nov-2014.

Thank You…