DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

15.04.23 1

EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS

DAIRY INDUSTRY APPLICATIONDAIRY INDUSTRY APPLICATION

Asist. Prof. Levent AKYALÇINAsist. Prof. Levent AKYALÇIN

15.04.23 2

EvaporationEvaporation

15.04.23 3

EvaporatorsEvaporators

Evaporators are used to separate Evaporators are used to separate materials based on differences in their materials based on differences in their boiling temperatures.boiling temperatures.

Its purpose is to concentrate nonvolatile Its purpose is to concentrate nonvolatile solutes such as organic compounds, solutes such as organic compounds, inorganic salts, acids or bases. Typical inorganic salts, acids or bases. Typical solutes include phosphoric acid, caustic solutes include phosphoric acid, caustic soda, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, soda, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, gelatin, syrups and urea.gelatin, syrups and urea.

15.04.23 4

Types of EvaporatorsTypes of Evaporators

1)1) Long-Tube Vertical EvaporatorsLong-Tube Vertical Evaporators

2)2) Short-Tube (Calandria) Vertical Short-Tube (Calandria) Vertical EvaporatorsEvaporators

3)3) Horizontal-Tube EvaporatorsHorizontal-Tube Evaporators

4)4) Forced Circulation EvaporatorsForced Circulation Evaporators

5)5) Agitated, Thin Film EvaporatorsAgitated, Thin Film Evaporators

15.04.23 5

LONG-TUBELONG-TUBE VERTICAL (LTV)VERTICAL (LTV)EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS

These types of evaporators are used more These types of evaporators are used more thanthan all other types combined for evaporation all other types combined for evaporation because ofbecause of low cost per unit capacitylow cost per unit capacity simplicity of constructionsimplicity of construction heat transfer performanceheat transfer performance

The LTV-type evaporator cannot handle The LTV-type evaporator cannot handle crystallizing solutions but excellent for crystallizing solutions but excellent for foaming solution.foaming solution.

There are two main types of LTV evaporators:There are two main types of LTV evaporators:a)a) Climbing (Rising) filmClimbing (Rising) film evaporatorsevaporatorsb)b) Falling filmFalling film evaporatorsevaporators

15.04.236

Climbing (Rising) Film Climbing (Rising) Film EvaporatorsEvaporators

15.04.23 7

Double-Effect, LTV Climbing (Rising) Film Double-Effect, LTV Climbing (Rising) Film EvaporatorEvaporator

15.04.23 8

Falling Film EvaporatorsFalling Film Evaporators

15.04.23 9

Two, 4-Stage, Mechanical Recompression, Falling-FilmTwo, 4-Stage, Mechanical Recompression, Falling-Film EvaporatorsEvaporators

15.04.23 10

SHORT-TUBE (CALANDRIASHORT-TUBE (CALANDRIA)) VERTICAL EVAPORATORS (STV)VERTICAL EVAPORATORS (STV)

15.04.23 11

AdvantagesAdvantages InexpensiveInexpensive Efficient heat transfer at high Efficient heat transfer at high

temperaturetemperature Easy to descaleEasy to descale

DisadvantagesDisadvantages× Poor heat transfer at low temperature Poor heat transfer at low temperature

differences or with viscous liquidsdifferences or with viscous liquids× Require a great deal of floor spaceRequire a great deal of floor space

15.04.23 12

HORIZONTAL TUBE HORIZONTAL TUBE EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS

Horizontal tube evaporators use a tube and Horizontal tube evaporators use a tube and spray method of heat transferspray method of heat transfer..

The tubes are arranged so as to maximize The tubes are arranged so as to maximize the heat transfer area between the steam the heat transfer area between the steam and the liquor.and the liquor.

Symbols: Symbols: C = condensateC = condensate F = feedF = feed N = noncondensibles’ ventN = noncondensibles’ vent P = product or concentrateP = product or concentrate S = steamS = steam V = vaporV = vapor

15.04.23 13

The major use is for making distilled The major use is for making distilled water for boiler feed. Horizontal tube water for boiler feed. Horizontal tube evaporators are used in the evaporators are used in the pharmaceutical industrypharmaceutical industry, , pulp and pulp and paper industrypaper industry..

They are relatively low cost. They have They are relatively low cost. They have very low headroom.very low headroom. Horizontal tube Horizontal tube evaporators are not suitable for salting evaporators are not suitable for salting or scaling liquids, and they have smaller or scaling liquids, and they have smaller capacity than other evaporators. capacity than other evaporators.

15.04.23 14

Horizontal Tube EvaporatorHorizontal Tube Evaporator

15.04.23 15

FORCED CIRCILATION FORCED CIRCILATION EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS

15.04.23 16

Forced Circulation EvaporatorForced Circulation Evaporator

15.04.23 17

AGITATED THIN (WIPED-FILM) AGITATED THIN (WIPED-FILM) FILM EVAPORATORSFILM EVAPORATORS

15.04.23 18

15.04.23 19

Evaporated and Condensed Evaporated and Condensed MilkMilkEvaporated milk is made by reducing the water content Evaporated milk is made by reducing the water content

by using an evaporator. Condensed milk is processed by using an evaporator. Condensed milk is processed similarly to evaporated milk, but sugar is added to similarly to evaporated milk, but sugar is added to improve flavor and increase storage life. The following improve flavor and increase storage life. The following processing steps are usually involved:processing steps are usually involved:

Milk is received an cooled.Milk is received an cooled. Milk is sampled and evaluated for bacterial count, sediment, acidity, alcohol, Milk is sampled and evaluated for bacterial count, sediment, acidity, alcohol,

appearance, flavor, and odor.appearance, flavor, and odor. Milk is clarified or filtered.Milk is clarified or filtered. Milk is stored and fat standardized to solids not fat.Milk is stored and fat standardized to solids not fat. Milk is preheated and held.Milk is preheated and held. Water is removed by evaporation.Water is removed by evaporation. Product is homogenized.Product is homogenized. Product is cooled.Product is cooled. (If making condensed milk, homogenized precedes (If making condensed milk, homogenized precedes

evaporation and sugar is added immediately after condensation.)evaporation and sugar is added immediately after condensation.) Product is restandardizedProduct is restandardized Product is placed in cans which are sealed.Product is placed in cans which are sealed. Leaking cans are rejected.Leaking cans are rejected. Product in cans is heated, sterilized, and cooled.Product in cans is heated, sterilized, and cooled. Cans are cased.Cans are cased. Cans with product are stored.Cans with product are stored.

15.04.23 20

EVAPORATION İN DAIRY EVAPORATION İN DAIRY INDUSTRYINDUSTRY

Definition of evaporation in application of Definition of evaporation in application of dairy industry is removing moisture from dairy industry is removing moisture from milk under a vacuum with boiling.milk under a vacuum with boiling.

A type of evaporator used in milk industryA type of evaporator used in milk industry

15.04.23 21

EVAPORATOR TYPES USED IN EVAPORATOR TYPES USED IN THE MILK INDUSTRYTHE MILK INDUSTRY

Many evaporators are produced in various Many evaporators are produced in various designs.designs.

Single-or multiple-effect evaporators are Single-or multiple-effect evaporators are used. Double- and triple- effect evaporators used. Double- and triple- effect evaporators are most common.are most common.

Appropriate types of evaporators that can Appropriate types of evaporators that can be used in the milk industry are as follows;be used in the milk industry are as follows; Falling Film EvaporatorsFalling Film Evaporators Circulation/Vertical EvaporatorsCirculation/Vertical Evaporators Horizontal Tubes EvaporatorsHorizontal Tubes Evaporators

15.04.23 22

Some Photos of Evaporators Which areSome Photos of Evaporators Which are used inused inBozüyük Milk IndustryBozüyük Milk Industry

15.04.23 23

15.04.23 24

15.04.23 25

NumberNumber NameName

2337832408023378324080 BERDA ALTUNBERDA ALTUN

2439537935024395379350 EMRAH ÖREKEMRAH ÖREK

3775047157637750471576 CANSU KAYAALPCANSU KAYAALP

5512957040855129570408 SEVİM ÖZGÜLSEVİM ÖZGÜL

6090713516860907135168 PINAR ERKUŞPINAR ERKUŞ

THANKS…THANKS…

15.04.23 26