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DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN -FLOOD
IntroductionDefinitionClassification & Types of DisastersDisaster ManagementDisaster PreparednessMedical and Public Health ResponsePublic Health Impact of DisasterDisaster MitigationDisaster Management in India and role
of Civil Engineers.Conclusion,References
SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Disaster word is originated from Greek
dus=bad & aster= star
Calamity due to position of a planet or a star.
Then evolved in Italian as disastro,
To become French désastre (de.zastʁ).
& then disaster.
WHAT IS DISASTER ???
It is a catastrophic situation in which the normal pattern of life or eco-system has been disrupted and extra-ordinary emergency interventions are required to save and preserve lives and or the environment.
According to the United Nations,disaster is- “The Occurrence Of Sudden Or Major Misfortune Which Disrupts The Basic Fabric And Normal Functioning Of The Society Or Community”
Flood: It is an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits.
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
DISASTERS
NATURAL DISASTERS
METEOROLOGICAL
TOPOGRAPHICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
MAN-MADE DISASTERS
TECHNOLOGICAL
INDUSTRIAL
WARFARE
Meteorological Disasters: Floods,Tsunami,Cyclone etc. Topographical Disasters: Earthquake,Volcanic Eruptions,Landslides etc. Environmental Disasters: Global warming ,Ozone depletion,Solar flare
etc. Technological: Transport failure,Public place failure,Fire Industrial: Chemical spills,Radioactive spills Warfare: War,Terrorism,Internal conflicts,Civil unrest etc.
FLOOD MANAGEMENT&WHY IT IS NECESSARY ?
Flood: An overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land India is highly vulnerable to floods. Out of the total geographical area of 329 million hectares (mha),
more than 40 mha(i.e-12%) is flood prone. The average annual flood damage in the last 10 years period from
1996 to 2005 was Rs. 4745 crore as compared to Rs. 1805 crore, the corresponding average for the previous 53 years.
An average every year, 75 lakh hectares of land is affected, 1600 lives are lost and the damage caused to crops, houses and public utilities is Rs.1805 crores due to floods. The maximum number of lives (11,316) was lost in the year 1977.
The frequency of major floods is more than once in five years.TO OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS FLOOD MANAGEMENT IS
NECESSARY.
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Integrated Disaster
Management
Prepared-ness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
Activities prior to a disaster.• Preparedness plans• Emergency exercises• Training,• Warning systems
Activities during disaster.
• Public warning systems• Emergency operations• Search & rescue
Activities following a disaster.• Temporary housing• Claims processing• Medical care
Activities that reduce effects of
disasters• Building codes & zoning• Vulnerability analyses• Public education
DISASTER MANAGEMENT The body of policy and administrative decisions and operational activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels.“An applied science which seeks, by systematic observation and analysis of disasters, to improve measures relating to prevention, emergency response, recovery and mitigation”.
A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for-
● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.● Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences.● Capacity-building.● Preparedness to deal with any disaster.● Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.● Evacuation, rescue and relief.● Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
DISASTER PREPAREDNESSDisaster preparedness -is ongoing multisectoral activity.
Integral part of the national system responsible for developing plans and programmes for-
disaster management,prevention,mitigation,response,rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Co-ordination of a variety of sectors to carry out- Evaluation of the risk. Adopt standards and regulations. Organize communication and response mechanism. Ensure all resources- ready and easily mobilized. Develop public education programmes. Coordinate information with news media. Disaster simulation exercises.
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Disaster ResponseImmediate reaction to disaster as the disaster is anticipated, or soon after it begins in order to assess the needs, reduce the suffering, limit the spread and consequences of the disaster, open up the way to rehabilitation. What to do before a floodIf a flood is likely to hit your area, you should:If you must prepare to evacuate, you should:By-Mass evacuation Search and rescueEmergency medical servicesSecuring food and waterMaintenance of Law & Order
PRE EXISTING DISEASES IN THE POPULATION : dysentery, cholera, measles,tuberculosis,malaria,intestinal parasites,
scabies, skin infections.ECOLOGICAL CHANGES :
Altered ecology- vector borne and water borne diseases Living conditions - plague, louse borne typhus and relapsing fever. Stray animals and wild animal displacement-rabies.
DAMAGE TO PUBLIC UTILITIES : Water supplies & sewage disposal disrupted.
POPULATION MOVEMENTS : Introduction of new disease or vector. In settlements - diarrheal diseases,measles,viral,hepatitis, whooping cough,
malaria etc. INTERRUPTION IN PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES :
Disruption of curative and preventive services. Interrupted vector control - malaria, dengue Interrupted immunization - measles, whooping cough, and diphtheria.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTER FLOOD
REPATRIATION - after the emergency is over, displaced people return to their place of origin.
REHABILITATION –Providing temporary shelters, Stress debriefing for responders and victims, Economic Rehabilitation, Psycho-social Rehabilitation, Scientific Damage Assessment,
ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines). Economy recovery ( financial, political ). Environment recovery.
REBUILDING HOMES. Permanently repairing and rebuilding infrastructures Elements -
Owner Driven Reconstruction. Speedy Reconstruction. Linking Reconstruction with Safe Development.
DISASTER RECOVERY
RECONSTRUCTION
“Permanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to limit impact on human suffering and economic assets.”
Primary Mitigation-reducing hazard & vulnerability. Secondary mitigation-reducing effects of hazard.
Components: Reducing hazard - protection against threat by
removing the cause of threat. Reducing vulnerability - reducing the effect of threatNatural hazards are inevitable, but reduce vulnerability.
Hazard Identification ,Mapping And Assessment – Estimating probability of a damaging phenomenon of given magnitude in a given area.
Considerations:-1)History 2)Probability of various intensities 3)Maximum threat 4)Possible secondary hazards
DISASTER MITIGATION
COMPONENTS OF DISASTER MITIGATION
Vulnerability Analysis – A process which results in an understanding of the types and levels of
exposure of persons, property, and the environment to the effects of identified hazards at a particular time.
Risk Analysis – Determining nature and scale of losses which can be anticipated in a
particular area. Involves analysis of- Probability of a hazard of a particular magnitude. Elements susceptible to potential loss/damage. Nature of vulnerability. Specified future time period.
Prevention – Activities taken to prevent a natural phenomenon or potential hazard
from having harmful effects on either people or economic assets.
COMPONENTS OF DISASTER MITIGATION
1. High Powered Committee set up in August 1999. 2. Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry. 3. Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2002. 4. National Disaster Management Authority established
28th September 2005. 5. Inclusion of Disaster Management in the Seventh
Schedule of the Constitution. 6. On 23 December, 2005, Disaster Management Act.
Developments In Disaster Management In India
(a) Engineering / Structural MeasuresReservoirs: Reservoirs can moderate the intensity
and timing of the incoming floodEmbankments:Embankments (including ring bunds
and town protection works) confine the flood flows and prevent spilling, thereby reducing the damage
Channel improvement: to enable the river to carry its discharges at lower levels or within its banks
Watershed Management: The watershed management measures include developing and conserving the vegetative and soil covers and also to undertake structural works like checkdams, detention basins, diversion channels, etc.
Present Status Of Flood Management ActivitiesIn India And Role Of Civil Engineers
Structural MeasuresDrainage Improvement: If the capacities of existing
sluices in embankments and drainage channels are inadequate, this should be improved by increasing the vents and improving outfall conditions.
Diversion of Flood Waters: Diversion of flood waters takes a part of the flood discharge to another basin or to the same basin downstream of the problem area or to a depression where it could be stored for subsequent release
(b) Non-Structural Measures:Flood Forecasting, Flood Proofing etc.
(c) Catchment Area Treatment
Disaster Management TrainingNIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management) provides Web based training courses.
www.onlinenidm.gov.inComprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework 6 weeks course ;
Fee 1500/-Self E-learning courses- www.nidmssp.in
HelplinesDial Toll Free No. 1070 toll free
ContactNDMA Control Room -26701728,730; Fax-267017299868891801,[email protected]; [email protected]
WebsiteRepublic of India-http:// ndma.gov.in
Referance:“Disaster management in India” by Anand Patwardhan (IIT-Bombay).http://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htmhttp://www.ndmindia.nic.in
THANK YOU
BASAVARAJ PACHAPUR BHAKTI NAVALE
PRESENTED BY
WALCHAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
