IN THIS PRESENTATION

• BROADCASTING

• DVB

• DVB-STANDARDS

• FREQUENCY BANDS

• BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DIGITAL NETWORK

• INTRODUCTION TO DVB-S, C, T

• DIFFERENT DEVICES USED IN DIGITAL

NETWORK

Broadcasting:

• In Telecommunication, broadcasting refers to a method of transferring a message to all recipients simultaneously

Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB)

• DVB is a set of standards that define digital broadcasting using existing satellite, cable, and terrestrial infrastructures.

• The term digital television is sometimes used as a synonym for DVB

DVB Standards

• DVB-S

• DVB-C

• DVB-T

• DVB-S2

• DVB-C2

• DVB-T2

Satellite Frequency Bands

• C-Band(4 to 8GHz)

• KU-Band(11 to 17GHz)

• KA-Band(20 t0 30GHz)

Receiver MUX

CombinerOptical TX

Free To Air Digital Channel Block ROSA SYSTEM

QAM

Receiver MUX

QAMCombinerOptical TX

Descrambler

Paid Channel Digital Block Diagram ROSA SYSTEM

Receiver Multiplexer QAM

IF Modulator

AudioVideo

IF outUp Converter

ASI OUT

ASI OUT

ASI =Asynchronous Serial Interface

Rf Combiner1550nm optical TX

More than one Channels with single receiver on Digital network

Dish

Single channel with single receiver on analog network

RF

RF

RF

To co-locations

QAM=Quadrature amplitude modulation

DVB-S

• DVB-S is an abbreviation for "Digital Video Broadcasting —Satellite“.

• It is the original Digital Video Broadcasting Forward error correction and demodulation standard for Satellite Television.

• Dates from 1995, in its first release, while development lasted from 1993 to 1997.

Frequency in Use by Nayatel

• Frequency range being used by Nayatel for receiving channels is 10.3GHz to 12.3GHz.

• Note: Communication spectrum for military can use upto 18GHz frequency.

DVB-S2Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite - Second

Generation

• designed as a successor for the popular DVB-S system.

• Developed in 2003

• Impact2 and Impact4 Encoding Schemes are used to lessen the Bandwidth

• The development of DVB-S2 coincided with the introduction of HDTV and H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC)

Difference Between DVB-S, DVB-S2

• DVBS is basically SD (NOT HD) and DVBS2 is HD

• DVBS sends in MPEG2 (like what you find in DVD`s) and DVBS2 sends in MPEG4 which is a better compression algorithm

• DVB-S use QPSK as Modulation Mode while DVB-S2 uses QPSK, 8PSK, 16PSK modulation modes.

Improvements:

• In March 2014, DVB-S2X specification has been published by DVB Project

DVB-C(Digital Video Broadcasting –Cable)

• DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital television over cable.

• first published by the ETSI in 1994

• DVB-C (VHF/UHF) uses QAM: 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM or 256-QAM.

• transmits an MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 family digital audio/digital video stream

DVB-C2• Development announced in 2008

• The final DVB-C2 specification was approved by the DVB Steering Board in April 2009.

• DVB-C2 allows bitrates up to 83.1 Mbit/s on a 8 MHz channel bandwidth when using 4096-QAM

modulation.

• Future extensions will allow up to 97 Mbit/s and 110.8 Mbit/s per channel using 16384-QAM and

65536-AQAM modulation

• Muliplets Multiple Streams into Single Transport Stream.

• Only Lies for UHF

Being Used in Nayatel

• Nayatel is using 64QAM with 8MHz gap, using which total of 38.2Mbps of data can be streamed.

DVB-C DVB-C2

Input InterfaceSingle Transport Stream(TS)

Multiple Transport Stream and Generic Stream Encapsulation(GSE)

ModesConstant Coding &Modulation

Variable Coding & Modulation and Adaptive Coding & Modulation

FECReed Solomon (RS)

LDPC + BCH 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9, 9/10[4]

ModulationSingle Carrier QAM

absolute OFDM[5]

Modulation Schemes

16- to 256-QAM 16- to 4096-QAM

Guard Interval Not Applicable 1/64 or 1/128

Inverse Fast Fourier transform (IFFT) size

Not Applicable 4k[6]

Interleaving Bit-Interleaving Bit- Time- and Frequency-Interleaving

Pilots Not Applicable Scattered and Continual Pilots

DVB-T

• DVB-T offers three different modulation schemes (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)

• A terrestrial (over-the-air) transmission carries 19.39 megabits of data per second

DVB-H

• Sub-standard of DVB-T, introduced for Hand Held devices like Mobile

• Was not successful.

• Transmission made through DVB is not only Video, but Data as well

• It contains:

• Network Information Table(NIT)

• Transport Stream ID (TS-ID)

• Service Description Table (SDT)

The IRD is the interface between a receiving satellite dish and a broadcasting facility video/audio infrastructure.

Integrated receiver decoder

INPUT RF OUTPUT ASI/AV

CAPABLE TO DESECRAMBLE PAID CHANNELS

IRD

Advantages:

• DVB

• - High bandwidth outbound or broadcast

• - Designed and built for Video Broadcast

• - Lower Cost of Remote Terminals

Disadvantages:

• - Generally Power-Limited satellite requirement

• - Very inefficient when use of transponder capacity

• - Not designed for TCP/IP traffic. IP is encapsulated within MPEG

• - Very high Hub equipment cost

1. Used for re-multiplexing of digital channels 2. 8 ASI Inputs, 2 ASI Outputs 3. Web Based Management/Server ROSA

Management 4. Input stream has multiple channels and we select

only which we need 5. We are using 4 Muxes 9600

Multiplexer 9600(SA)

1. Output of Mux 9600 is given to QAM Modulator2. Used for QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) at Digital Frequencies3. We use 64 QAM (other types are 32, 128, 256)4. ASI Input, RF Output5. Limitation of Maximum 38.2 Mbps per QAM 6. One QAM, One Digital Frequency

QAM Modulator (SA)

1. Used to open complete stream of scrambled

channels2. ASI In, ASI Out3. Web Based Management4. Work with Sharing Card

Descrambler (SA)

1. Enhanced Multimedia Router (EMR) by Sumavision

2.Major Purpose is to add AV channels in Digital

3.6 cards per chassis

4.5 Analog MPEG2 AV Input cards, 2 AV inputs per card

5.1 Output Card, 2 ASI In, 2 ASI Out

6.Total Inputs: 10 AV and 2 ASI

7.Total Outputs: 2 ASI

8.Management through Application ‘Netmanager’

9.Other cards are ASI Combiners, HDMI Input, Satellite Tuner, IP Output

EMR

1. Multiplexer for Digital and IP TV

2. 16 ASI inputs

3. IP output

4.Supports Multicast, Unicast and all types of QAM streams

5. Management through application ‘Cherrypicker’

6.Number of RF Muxes depends upon APEX QAM cards

Mix DM6400

1. QAM Modulator for Mux DM 6400

2. Coverts IP to RF

3. Total 3 Cards

4. Each card has 2 ports

5. Each port support 2 digital frequencies

6. 4 frequencies per card

7. 12 frequencies for APEX

Apex 1000

MUX

QAMCombinerOptical TX

EMR

A/V Free And Paid Digital Channel Block ROSA SYSTEM

Receiver/Decoder

DM 6400

Apex CombinerOptical TX

A/V Free And Paid Digital Channel Block MOTOROLA SYSTEM

EMR Receiver/Decoder

Ethernet Switch

1. Used to share one Descrambling in multiple receivers and descramblers

2.Card is inserted in main device and sharing cards are connected with this main device

3.Other receivers/descramblers work with sharing cards

Sharing Devices

1. VOLT (Video Optical Line Terminal) by Scientific Atlanta2. Used in distribution of Fiber Network3. Chassis in Data Center converts RF network to Fiber (Optical

Network)4. Chassis in POPs used for distribution and amplification5. One chassis has 15 Slots6. First four slots are reserved for Power and last 15th slot is for

management card7. Rest of the slots are for Amplifiers

Prism Chassis