Development of the Shading Strategy for the KAFD Metro Station - DIVA Day 2015

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN IN FAÇADE ENGINEERING:DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHADING STRATEGY FOR THE KAFD METRO STATION

DIVA Day, 2015, Newtecnic

October 23rd, 2015

Carmelo G. Galante - [email protected]

Tommaso Pieraccini - [email protected]

b u i l d i n g e n g i n e e r i n g


WHO WE ARE


Temperature Distribution in the Rainscreen System [degC]System Design

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L A

NA

LYS

ISS

TRU

CTU

RA

L A

NA

LYS

IS

Mesh Model

1816141210[degC]

86420

Thermal Conductivity of Materials

GRC 0.75 W/mk

Structural Steel 44.5 W/mk

Stainless Steel 16.2 W/mk

Insulation 0.041 W/mK

Thermal Break Plate 0.187 W/mK

Concrete 1.8 W/mK

Tout

Qtot

Tin

Bracket detailReference values for U-value calculation

External Temperature

Internal Temperature

0.0 °C

20.0 °C

Model of the Connection (Mesh and Load Cases) - First Principal Stress [MPa]

Dimensions are in millimeters [mm]

Pull Test

Shear Test

Section 1

Shear Test Section 1 - Only GRC

86420-2-4-6-8-10 10

MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

01

02


Riyadh

Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)

Latitude: 24.70 N

Longitude: 46.73 E

Max. Annual Temperature: 46.2 degC

Min. Annual Temperature: 2.8 degC

Avg. Annual Temperature: 26.7 degC

Altitude: 620 m

Courtesy of Zaha Hadid Architects

Location ofthe projectLat: 24.70 N

Long: 46.73 E

Tropic of Cancer

≈ 200 m

≈ 33 m

23.5º N

Project Location Riyadh

KAFD Metro Station

KAFD District

KAFD METRO STATION - PROJECT OVERVIEW

KAFD District


INTEGRATED SKIN

Structure (by others)

Insulated Composite Panels

External Cladding Panels

Primary Fixing Brackets

ES.6

0.01

ES.5

0.01

ES.5

0.02

ES.0

1.02

ES.0

1.01

ES.1

0.01

ES.5

0.01

ES.60.01 - Primary Fixing Bracket

ES.60.01Primary Fixing Bracket

for Composite Panel

ES.50.01Opaque InsulatedComposite Panel

Steel Structure (by others)

ES.01.01UHPC PanelStage 3. External Cladding

Stage 2. Insulated Composite Panel

Stage 1. Primary Fixing Bracket

ES.50.01 - Insulated Composite PanelEach composite panel is fixed to one arm from eachprimary fixing bracket

Geometry Analysis Systems Design


Annual radiation map[kWh/m2]

Monthly average direct normal radiation [Wh/m2]

Ebn,annual average

566 W/m2

Ebn,annual average

246 W/m2

London London

Riyadh Riyadh 44.8 %

of sunlight hours present a solar altitude bigger than 40°

22.6 %

of sunlight hours present a solar altitude bigger than 40°

Percentage of the sunlight hours grouped according to solar altitude [% hours]

13.20% 12.60%13.30%

16.10%17.40%

9.60%8.50%

7.10%

2.40%

0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

18.00%

20.00%

0°-10° 10°-20° 20°-30° 30°-40° 40°-50° 50°-60° 60°-70° 70°-80° 80°-90°

578532

505478

538

634591 584

611660

563521

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

CLIMATE BASED ANALYSIS

[kWh/m2]

0 385 770


North-East oriented facade North-West oriented facade

South-East oriented facade South-West oriented facade

[kWh/m2]

0 385 770

“PODIUM” SHADING STRATEGIES

LOUVRES

FRIT

“Podium” radiation map [Wh/m2]


CASE WITH FRITImprovement: +18.5 %

BASE CASENo frit

Circulation path Circulation path

Area of interest with potential risk of glare

Double Glazing Unit with 40% LT

Double Glazing Unit with 40% LT + Frit


Annual solar exposure (ASE)

Number of Occupied hours ≥ 1000 lx

FRIT ASSESSMENT - SOUTH AREA

Radiation map [Wh/m2] Frit pattern

0

125

250

N

Most unfavourable area

0 385 770

≥ 250 h Potential for Glare

(Overlit Areas)


Results

1

2

Views

21st of June

azimuth 82.0° / altitude 50.0°



9:00

12:0

015

:00

View 1 View 2 Illuminance pattern

Lux

Lux

Lux

N


INTERNAL SHADOWS AND ILLUMINANCE STUDIES

JuneMorning Noon Afternoon


Results

1

2

Viewsazimuth 114.2° / altitude 43.1°



9:0

01

2:0

01

5:0

0

Lux

Lux

Lux

N



21st of September View 1 View 2 Illuminance pattern

SeptemberMorning Noon Afternoon

June


Results

1

2




9:0

01

2:0

01

5:0

0

Lux

Lux

Lux

N



21st of December View 1 View 2 Illuminance pattern

DecemberMorning Noon Afternoon

September

June


Results

1

2




9:0

01

2:0

01

5:0

0

Lux

Lux

Lux

N



21st of March View 1 View 2 Illuminance pattern

MarchMorning Noon Afternoon

December

September

June


1.31

14.06

1.50

5.32

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

East FaçadeHorizontalEast FaçadeHorizontalWest FaçadeHorizontal

East facade_X = 1.31

West facade_X = 1.50

X= L/H (Optimal shading ratio) X= L/H (Optimal shading ratio)East

West

Horizontal versus vertical shading devices

East facade_Horizontal

West facade_Horizontal

East facade_Vertical

West facade_Vertical

Shading optimisation - horizontal devices

LOUVRES OPTIMISATION

Shading ratioX = L / H

H

thk

thk

β

α

L

2.5

0 m

1.50 1.31

1.36

5.38

1.50

1.14

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

1st of Jan - 31st of Dec 1st of Mar - 30th of Sep 1st of Jun - 30th of Sep

East Façade

West Façade


BASE CASE (WITHOUT LOUVRES)

Circulation path


CASE WITH LOUVRESImprovement: +61.4 %


Double Glazing Unit with 40% LT

Double Glazing Unit with 40% LT + Horizontal louvres

Number of Occupied hours ≥ 1000 lx

0

125

250

N



LOUVRES ASSESSMENT

≥ 250 h Potential for Glare

(Overlit Areas)


LOUVRES ASSESSMENT

BASE CASE (WITHOUT LOUVRES) CASE WITH LOUVRES

Annual glare

Point in time glare _ 8:00

Intolerable glareDGP ≥ 0.45

Intolerable glareDGP ≥ 0.45

01 0102:00

06:00

10:00

14:00

18:00

22:00

02 0203 0304 0405 0506 0607 0708 0809 0910 1011 1112 12

Disturbing glare0.45≥DGP≥0.40

Disturbing glare0.45≥DGP≥0.40

Perceptible glare0.40≥DGP≥0.35

Perceptible glare0.40≥DGP≥0.35

Imperceptible glareDGP ≤ 0.35

Imperceptible glare DGP ≤ 0.35

Legend

1

Views

N


937.5

500

62.5

[cd/m2]


N

34 m

68 m

51 m

Entrance

Service Entrance

Circulation Area West

Pedestrian FlowBaggage Handling

Cerntral Circulation Space

Circulation Area East

Access to the Train Area

Context“Podium” area

“PODIUM” AREA

N


Risk of Glare

No Risk of Glare

Number of Occupied hours ≥ 1000 lx ≥ 250 h

Potential for Glare (Overlit Areas)0 125 250


Baggage Handling

Secondary circulation area

Access to the train area

5 m

6.5 m

2 m

14.5 m

N

BASE CASE (WITHOUT LOUVRES)

36.5 m

199.5 m


Number of Occupied hours ≥ 1000 lx ≥ 250 h

Potential for Glare (Overlit Areas)0 125 250


Baggage Handling

Access to the train area

N

36.5 m

CASE WITH LOUVRES

2.5 m

2.2 m

199.5 m

3.4 m

4.5 m

3.5 m

2.5 m

Risk of Glare

No Risk of Glare

Secondary circulation area

2.5

0 m

X= 1.5

X= 1.5

X= 1.3

X= 1.5

X= 1.0X= 1.7

FRIT

X= 0.8

X= 0.8


1. External cladding

2. External fixing system supporting the cladding

3. Composite panel: rockwool insulation supported by a metal sheet

4. Steel bracket

5. Steel primary structure

6. Glazing component

7. Internal cladding

200 mm

1

4

3

5

6

7

DIAGRID SYSTEM

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

5

CURRENT DESIGN

Initial design


Daily average cumulative radiation [Wh/m2] Shading reduction factor [Wh/m2]

East

West

Average solar gain reduction

-39 %

Average solar gain reduction

-41 %

Initial design

15th of June 15th of September 15th of December 15th of March

Initial design

Current design

Current design

SOLAR GAIN REDUCTION

0 385 770

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

15th of Jan 15th of Feb15th of Mar15th of Apr15th of May15th of Jun 15th of Jul 15th of Aug15th of Sep 15th of Oct 15th of Nov15th of Dec

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

[kWh/m2]


Tommaso [email protected]

THANK YOU QUESTIONS

Carmelo Guido [email protected]

Engineering

Development of the Shading Strategy for the KAFD Metro Station - DIVA Day 2015