Upload
parimal-jha
View
523
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
THOUSANDS HAVE LIVED WITHOUT
LOVE ,
NOT ONE WITHOUT
W.H. AUDEN
PRESENTATION BY PARIMAL JHA
ASST PROFESSOR(civil engg)
SSIPMT RAIPUR
Students will be able to :
Explain necessity of studying hydrology.
Explain basic concepts of hydrology.
Explain various paths of hydrological cycle.
Identify the consumable resource of water.
Explain practical applications of hydrology.
HYDRO = WATER LOGY = SCIENCE
HYDROLOGY MEANS THE SCIENCE OF WATER
OCCURENCE
DISTRIBUTION
CIRCULATION
STUDY OF HYDROLOGY ON BASIS OF WATER
SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY-Ex- Every water except atmospheric and ground water
GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY(SUB SURFACE WATER)-Ex- Water in wells & underground cavity water
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
COMPONENT VOLUME1000 KM^3
% OF TOTAL WATER
ATMOSPHERIC WATER 13 0.001
SURFACE WATER•SALT WATER IN OCEANS•SALT WATER IN LAKES •FRESH WATER IN LAKES•FRESH WATER IN STREAM CHANNELS•FRESH WATER IN ICE CAPS & GLACERIES•WATER IN BIOMASS
13200001041251.252900050
97.20.0080.0090.00012.150.004
SUBSURFACE WATER• WATER ABSORBED BY SOIL•G/W WITH IN DEPTH OF 0.8 KM•G/W WITH IN DEPH OF 0.8 TO 4 KM
6742004200
0.0050.310.31
TOTAL (ROUNDED) 1360000 100
97
2 0.31 0.69OCEAN WATER ICE CAP DEEPGROUND
WATERFRESH WATER
% WATER AVAILABLE
0.69% of water = 4.374 10^6 km^3 water
The quantities of water circulation throughindividual paths in the hydrological cyclein a given system can be described bycontinuity principle also known as waterbudget equation or hydrologicequation
V1 - V0 = ∆s
Applying continuity equation to the paths of hydrological cycle involving change of state
P=Precipitation ∆S = ∆Ss + ∆Ssm + ∆Sg
R=Surface runoff ∆Ss =Change in standing volume of
water
G=Net ground water flow ∆Ssm =Change in ground water
volume of unsaturated zone
E=Evaporation ∆Sg =Change in ground water
volume of saturated zone
T=Transpiration
S=Surface water storage
P – R – G – E – T = ∆S
DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE :
The design of any structure related to water
such as
Spillway, dam, culvert, highway bridge and
railway bridge etc may be considered to consist
of three parts-
(a) Hydrologic design (b) Hydraulic design
(c) Structural design
(a)Hydrologic Design-The Hydrologic designdeals with estimation of quantities ofwater to be handled at the site of thestructure ;specifically
Water distribution
Time of occurrence
Frequency of occurrence.
Hydrologic design involved in the design of drainage and storm water facilities.
(b)Hydraulic design-Hydraulic design provides the
best suitable shape and section of the structure
according to quantity of water estimated.
(a) Hydraulic design-Hydraulic design provides the
best suitable shape and section of the structure
according to quantity of water estimated.
(c)Structural design-Structural design ensures thestability and safety of the chosen section againstthe water pressure and other pressure.
Industrial & Municipal water supply
Irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
Hydro power-
Takato dam
Flood control
Erosion and sediment control-
Navigation- hydrologic problems in navigation projects require answers –
How much water required to lock the gates.
How much water required to maintain minimum draft.
What will be the effect of river on navigation on different stages .
Weather Forecasting -
Necessity of studying hydrology.
Basic concepts of hydrology.
Various paths of hydrological cycle.
Identify the consumable resource of water.
Practical applications of hydrology.
ANY DOUBTS
?
THANKYOU