Under guidance of

Avishek Kumar Ghosh

Asst. Professor,

Department Of Mechanical & Production Engineering,

Ahsanullah University OF Science & Technology

Minhajul Haque-(13.02.08.012)

A.R. Antu-(13.02.08.013)

Shayel Khan-(13.02.08.049)

Mahedi Islam Rizvi-(13.02.08.057)

Contents:-

Introduction to composites

Applications of composites in aerospace

Composites in commercial & military aircrafts

Composites in Martian suits

Advantages & disadvantages of composites

Future challenges & opportunities

Conclusion

What are composites?

A composite material is composed at least two

elements working together to produce material

properties that are totally different to the properties

of those elements on their own.

A composite material has two phases:

Continuous phases-(metal , ceramics & polymer

matrix).

Dispersed phase-(glass fiber ,organic fiber).

Characteristics of composite materials:-

Composites have the following

characteristics:- Microscopically it is non-homogeneous material and

has distinct surface interface.

There are big differences in the performance of

composite materials.

The formed materials should have a great improvement

in performance.

Volume fraction of components is larger than 10%.

Why composites in Aerospace

industry?

The main aim of the aerospace/aircraft

industries is to reduce weight keeping

the same or more strength than the

regular metals have.

This criteria leads to use the composite

material.

There are also some reasons why composite

materials are selected for aerospace

applications-

1) High strength to weight

ratio (low density with high

tensile strength).

2) High creep resistance.

3) High tensile strength at

elevated temperature.

4) High toughness.

Material Evaluation:

Stone age

Bronze age

Iron age

Steel age

Plastic age

Silicon age

Designer materials age

Material Ages

of man

Types Of Composites Used:

Fiber glass.

CFRP

QFRP

GFRP

GLARE

Application of Composites In

Aerospace: Fuselage (Bulkhead)

Wing flaps.

Rudder.

Elevators.

Radome.

Spuilers.

Floor beams and panels.

Helicopter main and tail rotor blades.

Space vehicles: missiles,rockets etc.

Reinforced materials used in

aerospace:-

Aircraft composite contents:- Graph shows:-

Civil aircraft in black , military in purple.

Historically military used mare composite than civil.

Since 2005,civil aircraft have dramatically increased the composite content.

Airbus has relatively steadily increased its usage of composites over the years.

Boeing jumped from 12% composite by weight in the 787.

Examples of use of composite

in aircrafts: commercial &

military Commercial:

Boeing 777

Boeing 787 “”Dreamliner””

Airbus A380

Military:

B-2 Bomber

LCA Tejas (HAL)

Boeing 777 composite structure

Boeing 787 Dreamliner:

Airbus A-380 composite

components:

B2-BOMBER:-

LCA Tejas (HAL):-

Composite used in Martian

suit: To maintain the

atm pressure

inside the suit.

To prevent

deadly cosmic

rays and

gravity that is

just 38% that

of Earth’s.

Composite used in Martian

suit: Constructed with

carbon fibre

composite

materials and two

types of nylon.

suit weight about

45 pounds (135

pounds on Mars)

and comes in 16

pieces.

Space Vehicles composite

structure:

Used to manufacture Rocket and

Missiles motor cases.

Materials for this are carbon ,aramid

and glass.

Composites like carbon-carbon are used

to manufacture re-entry nose tips and

heat shields.

Advantages of composite

material over metal:

Light weight.

High heat resistance.

High strength to weight ratio.

Low density.

Corrosion resistance.

High stiffness.

Fatigue resistance.

Disadvantages of composite

materials:

Use of composite is more challenging to

design.

NDT test for composite material is much

more difficult as compared to metals.

Delamination of layers.

High cost.

Damage tolerance.

Need specialized repair techniques.

Future involvement of

composite: Honeycomb

structure.

Hybrid composite

materials.

Advanced designs

through simulation.

Investigations into

damage tolerance of

bonded repairs by

test and simulation.

CONCLUSION

Composite material will play an increasingly significant role in aerospace application.

B787,A350-XWB used more than 50% composite materials.

With their unique combination of properties such as low weight , high strength , low flammability , smoke density and heat release , non toxicity and durability , composite are ideal for many aerospace application both for interior and exterior components.