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INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT

CHANDRAPURA THERMAL POWER STATION

Presented by:-

Pragyawan1SI11EE034Electrical and Electronics EngineeringSiddaganga Institute of Technology

DAMOADAR VALLEY CORPORATION

ESTAIBLISHED IN 7TH JULY 1948 AS THE FIRST MULTIPORPOSE RIVER VALLEY PROJECT OF INDEPENDENT INDIA

TO ARREST THE FURY BY THE RIVER OF SORROW AND TO HARNESS THE RESOURCES OF DAMODAR VALLEY COMMAND AREA IN JHARKHAND AND BENGAL.

A POWER GENERATING CAPACITY OF OVER 2710MW.

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MISSION AND VISION

FLOOD CONTROL AND IRRIGATION

GENERATION,TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF

POWER.

INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC USE

ECO-CONSERVATION

ENRICHING THE QUALITY OF LIVES OF PEOPLE

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DVC POWER STATION AT GLANCE:1)THERMAL

NAME LOCATION CAPACITY

BOKARO-B Dist-BokaroState-Jharkhand

630 MW(3*210 MW)

CHANDRAPURA Dist-BokaroState-Jharkhand

890 MW(3*130 +2*250 MW)

DURGAPUR Dist-BurdhamanState-West Bengal

350 MW(1*140 MW + 1* 210 MW)

MEJIA Dist-BankuraState-West Bengal

2340 MW(4*210 MW + 2*250 + 2*500)

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2)HYDEL:

NAME LOCATION CAPACITY

TILAIYA River-BarakarDist-HazaribaghState-Jharkhand

4 MW(2*2 MW)

MAITHON River-BarakarDist-BurdhamanState-West bengal

60 MW(3*20 MW)

PANCHET River-DamodarDist-DhanbadState-Jharkhand

80 MW(2*40 MW)

TOTAL HYDEL 144 MW

TOTAL THERMAL 2710 MW

GRAND TOTAL 2854 MW

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CHANDRAPURA THERMAL POWER STATION

A UNIT OF DVC, LOCATED AT BOKARO DISTRICT

IN JHARKHAND.

LARGEST PULVERISED FUEL FIRE POWER

STATION OF ASIA WITH UNIT 1 AS THE FIRST

REHEAT UNIT INSTALLED IN INDIA WITH

HIGHEST STEAM PARAMETERS.

SWITHCHYARD OF CTPS IS THE INDIA’S

BIGGEST NETWORK.

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Thermal Power Plant Overview

Main and Auxiliary Equipments8

1. Coal handling plant2. Pulverizing plant3. Draft fans4. Boiler5. Ash handling plant6. Turbine7. Condenser8. Cooling towers and ponds9. Feed water heater10. Economiser11. Superheater and Reheater12. Air preheater

COAL HANDLING

STEPS IN COAL HANDLING:

a. Coal delivery

b. Unloading

c. Preparation

d. Transfer

e. Storage

f. Implant handling

g. Crushing & pulverizing

h. Weighing & measuring

i. Feeding the coal into furnace

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PULVERISING PLANT

In modern thermal power plant , coal is pulverisedi.e. ground to dust like size and carried to the furnace in a stream of hot air. Pulverising is a means of exposing a large surface area to the action of oxygen and consequently helping combustion.

Pulverising mills are further classified as:

1. Contact mill

2. Ball mill

3. Impact mill

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Why coal as a fuel

Coal can provide usable energy at a cost of between 12 to 15 % compared to oil and natural gas, and coal prices are relatively stable.

Coal is inherently higher polluting and carbon intensive than other energy alternatives. However coal is so inexpensive that one can spend quite a bit on pollution control, and still maintain coal’s competitive position.

PROCEDURE

Loading coal in wagon machine.

Bringing it on railway track by wagon pusher:

A)boggy fixed in wagon machine

B)bucket is tilted till it lights up the bulb

C)bulb offs means bucket is tilted completely & coal is filled in bunker hopper

Carrying the coal with the help of conveyor from bunker hopper.

Crushing the coal through crusher.

Storing the bunker powder.

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Power generation

Here, the burning of coal starts. Water is taken from river

and demineralised and then send to boiler.

Super heated steam of 540 degree celsius is formed which

hits turbine with pressure of 137 kg/cm square.

It rotates turbine to which rotor of generator is coupled when

speed comes to 3000 rpm then building of voltage starts due

to faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction

When voltage becomes 15.75kv then this is fed to transformer to

step it up to 220kv,which is bus bar voltage.

Generator is synchronized with bus bar and steam is condensed to

water, reused again to generate power.

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Boilers

Pulverized coal is put in boiler furnace.

Boiler is an enclosed vessel in which water is heated and circulated until the water is turned in to steam at the required pressure.

OTHER COMPONENTS IN THE PLANT15

Super-heater: Superheater is a component of a steam-generating unit in which steam, after it has left the boiler drum, is heated above its saturation temperature.

Reheater : Reheater is also steam boiler component in which heat is added to this intermediate-pressure steam, which has given up some of its energy in expansion through the high-pressure turbine.

Condenser : Condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state, also known as phase transition.

Cooling Towers: It is a tower- or building-like device in which atmospheric air (the heat receiver) circulates in direct or indirect contact with warmer water (the heat source) and the water is thereby cooled

Steam Turbine

Extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.

uses multiple stages in the expansion of the steam.

Generator

Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Turbine is coupled with the Turbo-generator that normally spins at 3000 rpm in countries with 50 Hz supply frequency

The generated voltage is stepped up in Generator Transformer and the power is evacuated through transmission line feeders.

It is a device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage.

Types of transformer @ CTPS- Generator transformer

Unit auxiliary transformer

Reserve transformer

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transformerS

transformerS

1) GENERATOR TRANSFORMERS

Maker: BHEL

Rating: 315MVA

Voltage ratio: 16.5KV/240KV

Cooling: oil forced, air forced

2) UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMERS

Rating: 40MVA

Voltage ratio: 16.5KV/6.6KV

Cooling: oil natural, air natural

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3) DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

Rating: 1250 KVA

Voltage ratio: 6.6 KV/415V

Cooling: air natural

4) STATION SERVICE TRANSFORMER

Rating: 31.5MVA

Voltage ratio: 220KV/6.6KV

Cooling: oil natural, air forced

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transformerS

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SWITCH YARD

CIRCUIT BREAKER : Switching and current interrupting device.

Isolator : Operated under zero amperes current.

Earthing device : Discharges the charges on conductor to earth.

Lighting arrester : Discharges excessive voltage to earth.

Relay : Closes contact when actuating quantity reach a pre-determined value.

CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER : Transforms current and voltage to lower value for the purpose of measurement, protection and control.

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CONDENSER24

Steam after rotating steam turbine comes tocondenser. Condenser refers here to the shell andtube heat exchanger (or surface condenser)installed at the outlet of every steam turbine inThermal power stations of utility companiesgenerally.

These condensers are heat exchangers whichconvert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state,also known as phase transition.

CONDENSER

Types of water required

DEMINERALISED WATER : BOILER

SOFTEN WATER : COOLING AND GENERAL SERVICE

DRINKING WATER : DOMESTIC PURPOSE

UNTREATED WATER : ASH HANDLING,COAL HANDLING AND FIRE FIGHTING

Water Supply

Majority of water supply for steam generation is condensed water. The steam from L.P. turbine is sent into surface condenser which changes the phase from steam to water.

Now, this water is sent to cooling towers which are evaporative coolers used for cooling water. these evaporate some part of condensed water to reject heat. At CTPS cooling towers are of hyperboloid structure .

Feed water pump: these pumps are high pressure units that overcome steam pressure to force water into the boiler drum.

Economizer :In boilers, these are heat exchangers that heat fluids usually water, upto its saturation point, they use the energy from the heat of flue gas and thus reduce heat in put and costs. It is placed in the passage of flue gas between outlet and chimney

WATER TREATMENT

This is additional water added in feed water stream . but before that it Is treated in water treatment plant

At CTPS, there are 4 treatment units

1)dirty water from reservoir.

2) alum is mixed in with water coming from 1.

3)clean water coming from 2 into 3.

This treated water is sent into feed stream , where it mixes with condensed water, to form “final water”.

ASH HANDLING PLANT

The percentage of ash in coal varies from 5% in good quality coal to about 40% in poor quality coal

Power plants generally use poor quality of coal , thus amount of ash produced by it is pretty large

A modern 2000MW plant produces about 5000 tons of ash daily

The stations use some conveyor arrangement to carry ash to dump sites directly or for carrying and loading it to trucks and wagons which transport it to the site of disposal

ASH HANDLING PLANT

The main operations are:

Removal of ash from furnace.

Transfer of ash to a fill or storage.

Disposal.

Ash can be disposed of as:

Dry ash system

Ash slurry system

EXHAUST32

The dust and ash are taken into ash treatment plant as mentioned earlier.

The rest flue gas moves through flue gas stack which is a type of chimney, a vertical pipe or channel for the exhaust gas outlet.

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